Compare and contrast analysis paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare and contrast analysis - Term Paper eccentricThese three articles present three different cultural settings each with a particular cultural downplay ranging from human relations to animals and objects culture.Geertz (2005) Notes on the Balinese cockfight, the author presents a community deeply rooted cultural solemnity despite the educational purpose of the cockfight function. As a way of raising school fees a bureau that government should have undertaken, this closely-knitted community comes together through a cultural event. In this article, symbolic interactionism speculation plays out quite well. The community is united, and as theory suggests, they should be understood at their accessible level.In addition, ethnographic communication of the community need for school is clear. Through a cultural cockfight, the community communicates the social philosophy called verstehen that emphasizes on understanding the event from participants point of view (Geertz 2005). Certain ly, Geertz knowledge on social theories in practice was put to test. In addition, the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) significantly applies to the cultural event. As this social theory suggests, the objects and animals utilisation ought to be understood as part of the community communication and social network. Unlike Phillipsen and Hernandez articles, this article focuses on a cultural communicative ritual that is viewed noble and undertaken to pass crucial message.Besides, the article by Fordham Hernandez A white Mothers muse brings into light intercultural interaction theories. Certainly, a Mexican raising American-Mexican children present a sociological challenge. According to the social construction theory, the philosophy of typification bedevils the character of this article. As a product of a different culture in a totally new environment with a varied minimise of the children, she is prone to create cultural standards. However, the challenge of ethnocentrism would not allow th e children to adopt their mothers culture. Perhaps,

Ethical Theory Study Guide Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Theory psychoanalyze Guide - Assignment ExampleLooking at the virtue of duty, the Kantian theory explains that it is important that an unmarried must act such that their actions and consequences amount to regard for a self and societal respect. It is each and any individuals moral obligation to conduct themselves such that the consequences accruing observes the communal being. In view of obligation, it is a moral responsibility, according to Kantian theory, it is the moral obligation of every citizen to pledge allegiance to the ruling government. This is in effect regardless of their ideas, be they bad or good. The fact remains that the leadership must be revered. Finally, in view of the third principle of perfection, the Kantian theory has the endowment that such intrinsic humankind as sex must be treated with utmost discipline, otherwise one whitethorn defer to drives which make the human morals subjective (wood 3).The Kantian theory defines human beings as rational na tural existence. It goes ahead to describe the human dignity as one such attributes that are indispensable from the existence, sorrow to which there should be the characteristic extinction of nature. With this observation, the theory provides that the existence of humanity must occur to put up the standards of idealism. This means that at all times, moral obligations of each and every individual must be applied. This concord is which then can define one who lives inconsistency with the truth. For instance, regardless of what a person is make up of as entails character, they must be treated with the respect and right to this at all times. An exemplification is made with a to-be murder. For instance, if such a subject wants to commit the crime, and another person has the information that may supporter them in doing so, Kantian theory considers it an obligation of the second party to give truthful information that may help the subject accomplish their objective. This is regardless of the expected outcome by both parties (wood 10).

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary - Essay ExampleThe strontium 90 released into the air is in the form of rain and lodges into the soil and pollutes the plants which are eventually consumed by humans. The effect to humans is diseases such(prenominal) as cancer and so leading to death. The article also dialog about the effect of use of insecticides and pesticides including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane that are used to destroy harmful insects (Carson 9). The insecticides destroy the pests intended and another(prenominal) insects as well thus causing equilibrium imbalance. Argument is that the insects also evolve and develop resistance to the pesticides.The article also talks about the hasty way in which new situations are generated through the influence of humans rather of allowing nature to take its course. An example of radiation is given, and how it has changed from backdrop radiation of rocks, ultra violet light from the sun and attack of cosmic rays to deviant radiation. The deviant radiation is ca used by mans interference with atoms of metals such as copper, calcium and silica making them unstable (Carson 12).The ways in which man uses chemicals has been censured since no good investigation is done on their effects to water, soil, animals and human being. The environment should be preserved for upcoming generations and other forms of pest control should be used to avoid dire

Religion and Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion and Sports - Essay ExampleThe wall painting at Notre dolly Stadium is a classic example of how faith has gained significance in sports. This World of Life mural also dubbed Touchdown deliveryman informs students, athletes and spectators that religion remains part and parcel of the athletic competition. It teaches all that religion is infallible for achievement as an athlete (Baker, 2007). Religious elements like faith turn in been known to help players in a highly pressurizing environment. With fanatical following, sometimes an athlete can be overwhelmed by outside influence. This unremarkably emanates from spectators who yearn for good performance. There obeisance with faith, an athlete can handle pressure related to off arena concerns. In the religious concept, faith is belief in God that He is in control. Thus an athlete will have greater point, thereby improving his chances of excelling, since the outside influences are taken care of by God. Again, athletes on most occasions examine themselves as talented. In religion, these are God transgressn abilities. Here, they view their talents as a God given abilities which must be used to bring glory to God. This only is a great motivating factor that religion has played in sports. As a result, these athletes manage with greater passion which translates to success (Delaney & Madigan, 2009). In religious congregations, ministers have used sports stories for the benefit of their societies. close to determine that resonate well in sports and public include hard work, endurance and detest for cheating. These can have immense impact on communities. It is no doubt that sports just like religion have places for earthy gatherings. Teams have a following that forms a community (Baker, 2007). For instance in American football, Boston personnel casualty Sox has devoted fans who share similar memories of their team. Hence there is closeness among these fans. Supporters therefore will feel comfortabl e and identify with fellow supporters. This community formed can enjoy the benefit of cohesiveness and a nose out of sharing which has enabled humanity to live in harmony. Thus these concepts bind religion and sports together. Religion in sports has been argued to give confidence and strength to athletes. This confidence improves the chances of a success. Here the belief that you have a God pot you, hence the belief of having a good performance (Baker, 2007). When athletes promote and confess their religious beliefs publicly, there is a likelihood that their followers will probably identify with them. An example is in football. When magnificent footballers score, they sometimes destine off messages in their chests. Brazilian footballer Kaka is known of scribing the words I belong to Jesus in his shirt. This in effect has impacted on his watching fans who would be interested in knowing Jesus and following his ideals, another positive impact of religion in sports (Coakley, 2008). W ith intense commitments to their teams and sports personalities, spectators give meaning and focus to their lives. Sports spectatorship is also a transformative activity by which fans break out from their boring lives. From this perspective, spectatorship are thought to conform to specific religious purpose including disappointments, limitations of daily life, establishing a society of fans and belonging to a team (Baker, 2007). Arguments against religion in sports Arguments against religion in sports border on commitment and adverse erosion of social order. Some of the worst sporting violence has been blamed on sectarianism (Coakley, 2008). A good example that comes into fore is the fierce rivalry between Scottish football clubs Rangers and Celtic. According research, many Catholics

Linguistics - English relative clauses in dialects of the GB isles Essay

Linguistics - English relative clauses in dialects of the GB isles - Essay ExampleHerrmann builds her hypothesis leave behind be psychoanalysed. In part two, I will examine the basic premise upon which Mr. loll builds his theories. Part three will examine Ms. Herrmanns theory of grammatical construction and part four will examine the commonalities that the two theories have, by paying special attention to the concept of pied-piping.To begin, iodine must examine the basic premise upon which Ms. Herrmann built her grammatical constructs. In the Relative Clauses in Dialects of English, the author describes an extensive examine of the British Isles. She divided the Isles into six broad sections - primordial Midland, Central north, Central southwestern United States, East Anglia, Northern Ireland and Scotland. She laborious on the prototypical relative clauses, or adnominal clauses, and she compared these clauses across the antithetic dialects of the sections listed above, with an eye towards identifying the features that have become tired across different dialects, and also identified how the commonalities and differences across different dialects identified certain dialects as more closely related to Standard English than other dialects. Her study also can identify where different dialects intersect, which is known as dialectical levelling. (Herrmann 22).In the process, she also identified broad characteristics of the various dialects she studied. Central southwest, Central North and Northern Ireland have broad dialectical speech, ie, the speakers in these regions tend to speak in one dialect, while the speakers in East Anglia, Central Midland and Scotland have more heterogenous speech. (Herrmann 24). Central Southwest and Northern Ireland are almost entirely broad speakers. Broad speakers tend towards more non-standard features, which is gradually transforming into traditional features, and these are influencing Standard English as a whole. (Herrmann 22).The basic findings of the study were that the relative particles (zero, that, what

Predictors of Medication Errors in Elderly in Nursing Homes Research Paper

Predictors of practice of medicine Errors in Elderly in Nursing Homes - Research Paper ExampleThe National Coordinating Council for practice of medicine Error Reporting and Prevention (2011) explains that A medication faulting is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use while the medication is in the pull strings of the wellnesscare professional, patient, or consumer. This mode that medication errors do not only occur at the men of medical professionals. In this essay, the writer review predictors of medication errors in elder in nurse homes. This means that the bulk of the writers attention shall be based on factors that medical practitioners in nursing homes and taking care of elderly people can use to predict possible medication errors. As seen in the definition of medication errors, the writers view of predictors shall be varying and widespread, not ginger nut only on the health practitioner but on all otherwise causative factors including patients and consumers. Predictors of music Errors in Elderly This section of the essay reviews five major predictors of medication errors that can take get off among elderly people in nursing homes. Number of Home Medications The fact that elder people beneath consideration are based on nursing homes should not eradicate the possibility of medication error occurring as a result of a number of home medications. Nursing officers and other health professionals taking care of elderly people in nursing homes must predict the fact that once admitted at the home, the history of a number of home medications veritable by patients before their admission at the nursing home can interfere with the efficacy and functions of medications administered to them at the nursing home. For this reason, it is rightly appropriate that nursing and other health professionals have a fair idea of medications patients on admission might have received at home before being admitted. Over the years, it is because nursing practitioners have been negligent of the need to survey the number of home medications taken by elderly patients admitted at the nursing homes that Prasanatikom and Madigan (2004) concluded in a research that incidence of medication error was highest at the first visit (23.5%) Self-administration of medication Self-administration of medication is something that is rough-cut among elderly patients in nursing homes. Pollick explains that self-administration of medication or self-medication is the practice of using illicit or jural drugs without proper medical supervision is known as self-medication. The commonest cause given to the problem of self-administration of medication among elderly patients in nursing homes has been found to be over anxiety among the elderly patients (Akakpo, 2003). As a effect of fact, due to degeneration psychological problems among elderly patients, they tend to be very anxious about their health and always have a feeling that tak ing medications in overdose or taking duplication medications aside what is prescribed for them may lead to a quick recovery of their health. Health practitioners in nursing homes must, in that locationfore, have a forecasted knowledge that if self-administration of medication takes place among their patients, the patients risk the problem of medication error because there is the tendency of self-medicated drugs conflicting with the functions of prescribed drugs.

Write information about Jacob's Pillow, the dance festival and school Essay

Write information about Jacobs Pillow, the trip the light fantastic toe festival and school in Becket, Massachusetts - Essay ExampleEvery year multitudes from across the United States and close to the world come to experience the festival in Berkshires of Western Massachusetts with more than 50 dance companies and 200 free talks, performance, and events. The school at Jacobs Pillow is among the most prestigious dance head ensure training centers in the United States. At Jacobs Pillow School, trainees are allowed to explore the rare lengthy Pillow dance archives. The School also allows trainees to take part in various community programs designed to engage and educate dance audiences of all ages.In summary, the mission of the Jacobs Pillow Dance is to digest dance creation, education, presentation and preservation and to deepen and engage the public support and appreciation for dance. It presents the world premieres, master and emerging artists, United States debuts, and collabor ations with visual artists, composers, and writers consist of over 160 presented performances every festival year. The development and bare-ass forms of art work are supported through commissions. The School at Jacobs Pillow nominate training through eminent faculty that produces both great dancers and great artists. The Pillow is also a National Historic Landmark with an extensive and rare dance archives entailing materials from 1894 through to now. The Pillow engages the student, artists, scholars and the public public in experiencing the dance through more than 200 free talks and performance, tours, rehearsals, and interaction with scholars, artists, composers, filmmakers, and

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Music - Essay ExampleThe first of these feelings that I have when hearing to my dearie music is a complete and total immersion similar to jumping into a pool. The music seems to range around me, engaging each of my senses to heights that would otherwise not be realized within the channel of an average day without music. This heightened sensitivity allows my brain to focus in on the individual components of the music that descend the most empathy, joy, sadness, courage, or whatever other emotions the composer is trying to portray. However, beyond enlivening the senses, music for me serves as a tool.Naturally, depending upon the type of music that I listen to, it send a musical mode ultimately be used in a way not dissimilar to a drug. For instance, when I am having difficulty sleeping, I nookie considerably find a piece or a series of pieces of music that reflect a actually calming and soothing tone thereby helping me to get to sleep. When I need a take aim of focus or would like to bring out key attributes of determination or courage, I can turn to music as a way to instill such emotions. In short, music and the feelings it inspires can act as a type of stimulus to achieve the given mood that I am in search of or to induce feelings that would otherwise not come to me in a raw(a) way.Finally, as a function of the other two ways in which music affects me, the third way is an ultimate end in and of itself. Music for me provides an escape, a type of imaginative portrait that can be painted in any number of ten thousand different ways. Even though I may have heard the song, track, or album before, the fact of the matter is that the imagery that it engages me with as a function of the aforementioned emotion and mood alteration is something that can only be described to a fellow music lover. Whereas one can read a book and have the same impression process, look at a piece of art and evoke the same images or memories, when I listen to music, there is

A comparative analysis between Franklins Caf and Caffe Nero Assignment

A comparative synopsis between Franklins Caf and Caffe Nero - Assignment ExampleThe analysis is done mainly with respect to the two in-chief(postnominal) topics relevant in the organizations. The topics discussed ar done mainly on the basis of the case understand that helps to answer dubiousness like which one of the two organizations would one prefer to be a customer and an employee. This essay story not only states which organization one would want to be an employee and a customer, but similarly states the reasons shag the decision one makes. In order to make a decision it is very(prenominal) important to rent the topics relevant to the organizations like the organizational communication, cultures prevalent, power and control, design and structure, politics and resistance, conflict etc. The topics here are discussed according to the various organizational and management theories. Organization analysis and behavior is a very important topic of study in the context of mana gement. Organizational analysis is a process which is used to study the performance and the efficiency of an organization by studying the systems and the functionality that is existent in the organization. Organizational analysis leads to the sagaciousness of the organizational behavior which involves the study of the organizational design and culture that is prevalent in the organization. ... The cafe has a very strong employee base and has around 3000 employees in the firm. The main intention and philosophy slow the introduction of the cafe is to provide a cozy and warm atmosphere towards its customers. The firm considers its linchpin of the brand as its coffee and also states that its highly committed employees are another great strength. One of the main reasons behind the committed employees is that they make the best choice of employees from world over. Similarly, the management of the Caffe takes an interest in the recreational activities of their employees. The Caffe is a ware about the health of its customers and provides the nutritional chart which allows the customer to weight the coffee options available to them. The cafe is also environment conscious which is understood through its efforts to recycle wastes in the cafe. Franklins coffee shop Franklins Cafe was started in 2006 by Fiona and heat content Owen as a small coffee shop but very soon it was segregated into two business groups with one on the Franklin street and the other on the College street. Fiona and Henry along with the management and leadership skills of their son Ed initiated new, less expensive steps to manage two the cafes. At the present, they serve not only the customers with coffee but under the Franklin brand they also cheat to their customers tasty foods like Ciabattas, salt beef, soups, cakes, ice creams etc. Their main tagline is the food, which have the authentic Franklin taste and are affordable by most of the customers. Another main strength of the Franklin brand i s that they provide both drinks as well as snacks under the single name of Franklin. There are separate staffs, who take palm about the food that needs to be supplied and in

International Business and Cultural Diversity Case Study Essay

International Business and ethnic Diversity Case Study - Essay ExampleThis paper seeks to establish whether there is any place relation between cultural change and socio-economic-political changes in an organization or company, the variables present that are to be encountered and how these variables, if present, tidy sum be able to yieldively mediate or moderate the effects of finish in todays business environment. 2.0 Cultural Changes In the modern, contemporary inn, hotshot of the most overused terms is culture (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel 2012). According to Schein 2010, culture can be divided into four broad categories. These are big cultures, subcultures, organizational cultures and micro cultures (Bosshardt 2006). Culture is a dynamic phenomenon and a basic background structure that has the effect of influencing us in a wide variety of ways. It is constantly changing and reenacted by our constant interactions with other(a) people and is progressively shaped by our own behaviour. The main connection between culture and lead can clearly be seen in micro cultures and organizational cultures where the culture in such systems is normally thought of as the shutdown result of the embedding that an organizations founder or leader at bottom the group has imposed upon it and it with positive results (Schein, 2010). Culture can also be broadly defined as a set of shared values like beliefs, norms, behaviours, attitudes, material objects and symbolic resources. Basically speaking it can be thought of as the basic rules for functioning and living within a given society (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel 2012). 3.0 What are Variables? Variables can broadly be defined as items that we can control, measure or even manipulate while performing research. They are viewed as characteristics that have the potential of having more than one value or score. They can be viewed as being relatively straight forward for pillowcase when we consider variables such as income or age while sometimes they can be viewed as being relatively abstract such as when we are considering items such as degree of mischief or even social class (Inglehart and Welzel 2007). Researchers constantly analyze variables in order to determine how they end up influencing each other. 3.1 What are Social Variables? Social variables can be viewed as logical sets of places. An attribute like a person being either male or female will have the main variable of gender or sex (Weinstein 2005). While a variable such as occupation will be attributed by items such as a truck driver, farmer or professor (Babbie 2010). 3.2 What are Economic Variables? Economic variables can be subdivided into endogenous variables, which are defined as economic variables which are dependent on the occurrences within a given economy such as inflation and employment rates, while exogenous variables are those variables, which are seen to be external to the economy of a given country and are mainly determined by the current global events and policies (Keillor 2011). Examples include

Current business issue reflective paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current business give away reflective paper - Essay voiceUncertainty is a subjective phenomenon unlike risk whose probabilities are known (Phillip & Patrick, 2013). Bronwynne, et al., 2005 pointed out that suspicion involves events in which risk cannot be predicted. When one is anticipating some kind of risk, they tend to be cautious. Thus, risk is complicated and rational, precisely uncertainty is complex and extra rational. In risk, there are knowable options, steps and opportunities, but uncertainty involves a multiple interactive unknowns (Bronwynne, et al., 2005). Uncertainty may relate to profitability, government policies and regulations, investment, demand, cost, pricing and production. Uncertainty in business tends to be an obstacle in decision making. In order to effectively deal with the issue of uncertainty in business, leaders must possess good leadership characteristics. In relation to dealings with uncertainties leaders are classified into three categories head on ly- these leaders blaspheme only on analytical tools to make quick decisions and thus are not able to balance paradoxes in todays ambiguous world. Heart only- these leaders are able to establish a strategy through cosmos open to a wide range of opinions. This may hinder them from identifying future trends. Guts only- these leaders look at in their instincts. ... It is advisable to prepare for multiple outcomes other than predicting only one outcome. This is of great help to a business because the plotted for outcome may fail to happen and instead another one occurs which had been predicted and planned for, this helps the business leader to be always on their toes and ready for any eventualities (McLoughlin & Aaker, 2010). It also saves the business proprietor the loss of resources in terms of finances and time. Business leaders should have the knowledge to identify and rely on the certain elements of the situation. Some situations can be predicted, and this could be of great he lp to the businesses because one is nearly sure that a certain eventuality will occurs and hence proper strategies are put in place to deal with such eventualities (Bronwynne, et al., 2005). Therefore in order to be able to identify the predictable element, one should be very alert and understand their business trends fully. If for example the problem is a native calamity like flood, one can predict at what time of the year the floods are experienced. In order to effectively deal with uncertainties in business, it is vital to be agile and to respond quickly to any occurrences. Once an undesirable occurrence befalls the business, leaders should be aware, listen and determine occurrences as they happen. They should adopt the detect and respond mechanism in order to effectively tackle the problem. They should also empower and mobilize their pile to act fast and decisively. However, this requires managerial and leadership skills. For example, if the uncertainty befalls an organizati on, the manager should be in a impersonate to

Daoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Daoism - Essay Examplee parts of the Yin-Yang symbol manifest diametrically opposite principles, which have permeated into every phenomena in deals existence, that is, life and death, male and female, hot and cold, reflections and absence of thought, action and inaction. According to the principle of Yin and Yang all things are characterized by the presence of both male and female parts, being a manifestation of dark and light. Consequently, the basic impression of Daoism is a balanced approach to all phenomena of nature and their adjustment in the context of an inequilibrium.Another pregnant composite part of Daoism philosophy can be found in the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching), which is attributed to Laozi, the founder of Daoism. As a matter of fact, it appears that the author is unknown, as Laozi is not his truly name and only a call in the meaning of a wise elder. The title of the scripture in its turn may be translated as the book of the path and virtue. According to the legend, in the decline of years Laozi has decided to leave china and went to the West. Passing through a frontier post, Laozi has been asked by its chief to leave a book in memory of him, which would reflect the wise old mans thoughts about the path of peace and mercifuls way in it (Orbinski-Vonk, 2012). This is the very way of the Daodejing appearance. Its importance is great for Chinese history and culture, since it is a document of Ancient chinas thought. Moreover, it is considered to be one of the classical works of Daoism. The views set onward in it have made a massive impact on subsequent development of Chinas philosophy.Daoism being a part of traditional cultural heritage serves as a mingled component of spiritual culture of modern China. Reflecting the ethnic and cultural peculiarities, it becomes a powerful direct and substantiative impact factor. Specifically, Daoist ideals find their expression through art acting as means of expression of thoughts and feelings of people seeki ng penetration into

A View from the Bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A View from the Bridge - Essay ExampleThe time setting, which is between 1940 and 1960, may non appeal to the interest of the present-day audience. But analytically speaking, the story contains more(prenominal) substance than many stories scripted by most contemporary writers. It connotes the favorability as well as the dangers unmatchable must experience and offer when living in a foreign land.It is a play largely concerned with discovery. As Italian-American lawyer Alfieri warns, no one can ever know what will be discovered. There are two secrets in the play Eddies incestuous desires for his niece and the two illegal immigrants hiding in the Carbone home, Marco and Rodolpho. qtd. in Sparknotes, 18The play, which is set to happen in an Italian-American community known as Red Hook, situated in the waterfront in Brooklyn, New York City, tells the story of Eddie Carbone, a longshoreman who feels something toward his niece other than filial get laid and how his life ends tragically because of it.Eddie Carbone - the center of the story - is a address who was acquired as an ordinary man the type of person whom everyone will learn to love. However, Miller did not create a totally perfect character, but rather gave him flaws and weaknesses his weakness is mainly concentrated in his love for his niece, Catherine. a suitable subject for a modern tragedy because the potential for self-destruction, which is in all of us, in Eddies case has destroyed him. And apart from this improper love, Eddie is a good man and this love has its origin in the quite proper love of father for child, and Eddies sense of duty to his family and community. A View from the BridgeIn a fall over of the play, another critic commentedEddie sets in motion against one person rains a whole avalanche of destruction. alike(p) many classic tragic figure (including Shakespeares Hamlet), Eddies effort to get rid of the one man he perceives as his enemy, cannot control fates ripple effect on Marco, Marcos family and the hapless additional underground border - and, as importantly, his own standing in the tight-knit community. SommerDespite Eddies efforts to hide his feelings toward his niece, he is not able to do so, as shown in his actions. Although his wife Beatrice is aware of the fact of Eddies non-paternal feelings toward her niece, she tries to ignore it and pretends that everything is just normal.Eddies relationship with his wife and niece becomes more complex when he takes into the shelter of their home the two illegal immigrants, Marco and his brother Rodolpho, cousins of Eddies wife Beatrice.Eddies problem starts when one of the brothers, Rodolpho becomes romantically involved with his niece Catherine to whom Eddie harbors special feelings. Eddie tries everything in order to stop Rodolpho and Catherine from getting married, including seeking lawyer Alfieris advice, make Catherine see Rodolphos flaws and finally reporting the two brothers to the Immigration Bureau, a n act which destroys Eddies good reputation in the community.Eddie, however, is not able to stop the marriage from taking place. Embittered by hatred for Rodolpho and probably also driven by frustration, he refuses to reconcile with the younger man. In the end, Rodolpho becomes and American

Fast food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Fast food - Essay ExampleHe has some reasons for non accepting the food as artwork. His reasons tell ab let out its short life period of food, its temporary taste, less audience, its lack of complexity, less creativity, the profit motive of its creators, its objective to nourish people, its recurring unavoidably etc. In contrary to this, he has illustrated some experiences in elBulli restaurant for its chances of being an art. Comp be and course with other Related machinationicles There are some park features to be compared between the article of Blake Gopnik and the location in From Still Life to Real Life Food Art and Its Place in the Art World by Kate Olsen. These include the life time of food, and its simplicity. As per the television program The Rachel Ray represent done by Artist Jason Baalman, it is clear that the history and custom of food is an acceptable opinion as per the article of Blake Gopnik. I find some lack of information in the article The Big compete Can Food Be Serious Art? by Blake Gopnik when compared to others. It is not mentioned about the traceability of origin of art form of food. But it is clearly mentioned in Still life article by Kate Olsen with some common instances around us. Also, the former lacks the information about the statues formed out of carving the food materials. But, the latter points out the same. This reminds the statues formed out of butter by Jim Victor. Most of his creativity depicts animal life. According to Blake Gopnik, the food was not at all critical to be an art. This proves that the raw material is also important in forming the art of food. But in Still life article, it is mentioned clearly through the experience of Janine Antoni, an artist. In the case of Janine Antoni, she stupefy museum goers with her 1992 conceptual piece entitle Gnaw, a 3-part installation piece consisting of twain a 600lb cube of deep brown and a 600lb cube of lard that have been literally gnawed on every corner so that odontiasis marks are evident and large chunks on the corners are missing. Is it art? As Antoni explains, I titled this Gnaw because I am interested in the bite as a kind of of import urge. I love to look at a little baby when they put everything in their rima oris in order to know it, and through that process, they destroy it. I was interested in the bite because it was both intimate and destructive (Kaufman, 2010). You can see the food arts in different forms in museums. more or less of them make us feel and involve into the story or ethnicity on passing by or having it. This is explained with an example from a piece Untitled (Portrait of Ross) written by relational aesthetics artist Felix Gonzales-Torres in 1991. (Kaufman, 2010). Conclusion In my view, it is clear that the food can be considered as an art to an extent on the ground of the above mentioned articles. When you see an art work made out of food materials, it is special for your look as it has happened in your life time and cannot expect again in future. The food can be artistically formed by some creative artists. So it takes its forms in accordance with the thoughts and ideas of different persons. For instance, in the article What is Fine Art? by artist and author Dolores G.Kaufman, she explains when we call something fine art we are signifying a context into which the object has already been placed,

U.S. Social Identity Group and Business paper and presentation Essay

U.S. Social Identity Group and Business paper and presentation - Essay exemplificationFor them, stereotypes have been part of their culture since prehistoric days in which slavery was the norm. This paper explores near stereotypes held against Africa Americans and the kernel they present on organizational port and productivity.Both Americans and other cultural subgroups in United States geographic areas hold stereotypes against African Americans. Largely, since White citizenry were slave owners before the abolishment of slavery, they are the main culprits of such(prenominal) stereotypes. For instance, slaves were perceptibly happy and ignorant people who were ready to serve their masters. According to their White masters, they were lazy people who needed supervision from their masters in order to work productively. Of all minority groups in America, African Americans endure the worst forms of prejudice (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2010). They may fail to enjoy stinting and social advantages such as lower employment rates and lower remuneration.Stereotypes affect organizational behavior and productivity in negative ways. The stereotype that African Americans require supervision to show efficiency in the workplace is misguided. It affects organizational behavior because some employees may endure victimization owing to generalization. The probable mental effects of stereotypes on African Americans may reduce their ambition and honesty to feedback. Eventually, they may fail to try productivity because of morale issues and uncoordinated efforts at the workplace. Negative expectations and stereotypes have an unconstructive effect on motion levels (Bridges, 2008). For instance, if a stereotype advocates African Americans as less intelligent and with poor work ethic, then some Black employees who are naturally intelligent may fail to realize their work potential and engender less productive. In addition, an organization may fail to employ Afr ican Americans in managerial or senior positions

Law and Politics Essay Example for Free

Law and Politics EssayMurphy and selected internet and electronic readings Some daybook articles will need to be accessed through the UVU Library Journal database. If the below links to internet sources do not work, you should first search Google for alternative links. If you are still unsuccessful, then contact Dr. Griffin. ? This schedule is further tentative and subject to change by verbal or written notification stay tuned _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jan 8, 10 Introduction Introduction to course review of syllabus The Nature and Prominent Theories of Law (M) 3-12 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England in Four Books, 2 vols. , pp. 39-62 Introduction, Section II, Of The Nature of Laws in General, pp. 39-47 (scroll down). http//oll. libertyfund. org/? option=com_staticxtstaticfile=show. php%3Ftitle=2140chapter=198645layout=htmlItemid=27 ? ? ?Charles Grove Haines, A refresh of the Develop ment of Natural law Doctrines, 1930 Chapter 1 Ancient and Medieval Natural Law Theories, http//www. constitution. org/haines/haines_001. htm King, Martin Luther Jr. earn from the Birmingham Jail. In Why We Cant Wait, ed. Martin Luther King, Jr. , 1963. http//www. stanford. edu/group/King/liberation_curriculum/pdfs/letterfrombirmingham_wwcw. pdf Herbert Spiegelberg, Justice Presupposes Natural Law, pp. 343-348 http//www. jstor. org/sici? sici=0014-1704(193904)49%3A3%3C343%3AJPNL%3E2. 0. CO%3B2-6 Jan 15Origins and Roles of Courts and Judges (M) 13-20, 22-46 Martin Shapiro, The Logic of The Triad. (UVU Canvas) John Underwood Lewis, Sir Edward Coke (1552-1564) His Theory of Artificial Reason as a Context for Modern Basic Legal Theory. (UVU Canvas) James Wilson, The Works of James Wilson, Associate Justice of the domineering Court , Vol. 2, Chapter IV, Of the Nature of Courts, pp. 287-299. http//books. google. com/books? id=lIs0AAAAMAAJpg=PA1dq=James+Wilson,+The+Works+of+James+Wilson ,+volume+2hl =enei=9bx1TIyKA4W6sQOEqL2hDQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQv=onepageqf=fa lse

Tennessee Williams Essay Example for Free

Tennessee Williams EssayThomas Lanier, as well as cognize as Tennessee Williams, was an American writer who worked principally as a dramatist in the American Theatre. withal he wrote essays, short stories, poetry, screenplays, and novels with also a volume of memoirs. Tennessees professional career lasted ab bulge 45 years until his death in 1983. Williams saw the birth of hundreds of plays that are considered to be classics on the American stage. Tennessee Williams was an main(prenominal) American playwright who tied in his personal deportment into his writings, and use women everyplace men in his play, and comparing his work to the other authors. Tennessee Williams used events that happened in his personal life to serving him with his writings. He used this in his writings by having the characters arriveting hurt in the plays just like he did. For prototype in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Maggie pass aways increasingly more self-conscious as she is again and again refused by her married man. Williamss objective was to create humane freedom bulge of the ashes of experience (Skloot). This is saying that Tennessee Williams is trying to create freedom for everybody through his works, because he does not want plurality to have to go through what he had to.Another character that gets hurt to show how his life was is Blanche Dubois from A Streetcar Named Desire. She is so opposed of her past that she chooses to invent a history for herself with the intention of subverting reality. That of climbing out(p) of an abyss is appropriate in its description of his view of the human condition (Skloot). Tennessee describes his own situation as a life of clawing and scratching along a sheer surface and holding on fuddled with raw fingers to every inch of rock higher than the one caught hold of before, but it was a superb life because it was the sort of life for which the human organism is created. This is a perfect comparison between the life of Tennessee Williams a nd Blanche because of Blanches past and how she wanted to go back and change it.Williams would tie in his writings astir(predicate) his family life and personal experiences into the works. His child, Rose, illness may have contributed to his alcoholism and his dependence on various combinations of amphetamines and barbiturates. Everything in his life is in his plays, and everything in his plays is in his life (Loney). In the Glass Menagerie there is a resemblance between Tennessee and the main character, Tom. And he had a disabled sister name Laura and they had a dogmatic mother named Amanda. This is a reflect image of Tennessee Williams life.Williams breed was a heavy drinker and his aloud turbulent behavior caused them to move numerous times around the city. Cornelius Williams was a man with a lurid tempers, and was prone to use his fist (Adler). Tennessee Williams used the play Glass Menagerie to show how his father was. The father in the play was very violent and was a dr unk. He was mean to his children and his wife. This is also a mirror image of how Tennessee Williams tied used real life events to tie into his writings.Williams loved to have the posture of women over men in his works. The presence of women over men in his works helped him make remarkable plays because he could relate to the women and their life. One of the ways he could relate to them was how women struggled to make kinds with men who are unable or unwilling to make lasting relationships. In Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Maggie and Brick presumptively had a satisfactory sexual relationship early in their marriage. Problems began to get, however, when Maggie decided that Bricks close friendship with headmaster indicated homosexual tendencies (Blackwell). this relates to Tennessee because he thought he had found the right partner for him and in the end problems would develop and it would end. This happened a lot in Tennessee Williams relationships. It started from the time he was with one of his first partners, Fred Melton, till the day he died. So Williams did this so he could relate to his personal life.Another think Tennessee Williams choose to have the presence of women over men in his works was because women who have screwn happiness, but who have lost their twosome and who try to overcome the loss. The Princess Kosmonopolis in Sweet Bird of Youth (1959) is an aging actress who has known happiness with a lover and popularity with audiences. After losing both, she failed in a come- back effort as actress and embarked upon a search for some other(prenominal) lover who could return her to reality (Blackwell). This happened to Tennessee Williams almost every time he ended a relationship with his partner. He would fail at a comeback for his lover, and it would fail, and consequently would go out and find another partner to be with.Women were used more because of the unusual perception of women has let Williams display his talent. Women who have wise to(p) to be maladjusted through adjustment to abnormal family relationships which have strived to break through their bondage in order to find a mate. Blanche DuBois of A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) was a dutiful child, remaining with her fourth-year parents long beyond the marrying age for most women and later staying behind to try to save the family estate, while her sister, Stella, went out to find her place in the world. Since Blanche had adjusted to an abnormal family life, she was unable, when she had the opportunity, to relate to the so-called normal world of her sister (Blackwell). Tennessee Williams was like this because he was so caught up in trying to pursue his career as a writer and would always end out of place and couldnt find hid place in the world. This also happened when he would split from his partner because he was so into the person and would be lost when they would split.The last reason why Tennessee Williams choose to use women in his works more than men was beca use women who have subordinated themselves to a authoritative and often inferior person in an effort to attain reality and meaning through conversation with another person. In Period of Adjustment (1960), Dotty Bates will tolerate insult and abuse from her husband Ralph, so long as their sexual relationship is satisfying (Blackwell). Tennessee Williams life as a offspring man was like this. His father was very abusive and insulting to him. But he would be glad if his sexual relationship was satisfying with his partner. Williamss father abused him for most of his life, and he would talk closely that in his writings because he could relate to how if felt and make the audience feel his pain.Tennessee Williams was always earshot to what the critics were saying and then would make sure to make his work better. His writing had taken a brand-new direction, that he had been developing a new kind of dramaturgy (Loney). Even though the critics and audience failed to rate his new works a nd the style they were written. After all of this happened he fell into deep depression and had to be hospitalized. And when he was beingness hospitalized, that caused him to start becoming addicted to amphetamines. But this did not hurt his reputation for being the best American playwright.When he referened to the critics, this placed him up on a pedestal for being a talented playwright, screenwriter, short story writer and a novelist. A Streetcar Named Desire, in 1947, secured his reputation as a great playwright (Loney). This wasnt the only play he writes that put him to the top of the list for playwrights. Glass Menagerie and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof also helped him get there. Because of the way the critics reviewed him only helped Tennessee Williams produce better plays. If the critics didnt do what they did, we might not have the Tennessee Williams that we know today.Tennessee Williams was great at building friendships with other authors. They would help for each one other wi th their works. Adrienne Kennedy chose to be a playwright after seeing one of Tennessee Williams works, Glass Menagerie. Kennedys fascination with Williams continued, especially with Streetcar (Kolin). At the time her and Tennessee met, she had become fascinated with his work and ended up basing her work off his. Before they had a relationship with each other, she admits that she was intimidated of him and of his works. When they met, he told her she didnt have any reason to ad he was there to help her on anything he needed.Adrienne Kennedy eventually used is works as a guideline for her works and then tried to imitate his works. She was very much in awe of Tennessee Williams at the time and so I imitated him (Kolin). Before their friendship was started, she attended workshops at a local university on the reflection of Williams plays. She then met him at the Actors studio and their relationship boomed after they left from there. That is what has helped Adrienne Kennedy get to where she is today, by meeting Tennessee Williams.One of the great American playwright, Tennessee Williams, has produced some of the best works we will ever see. Even though his professional career only lasted 45 years, his works are still being used all over the world. Tennessee Williams was an important American playwright who tied in his personal life into his writings, and used women over men in his plays, and he compared his works to the other authors and critics. Williams will always be one the greatest American playwright in history.

Silas Marner Essay Example for Free

Silas Marner EssayWe expect that the relationship amid a parent and a barbarian is affectionate and caring however, George Elliot explores and shows the reader that this is not always the case and relationships in the midst of different families are all told precise different. In the book there are numerous examples of relationships between parents and electric shaverren. These include the relationship between Silas and Eppie, Squire Cass, Godfry and Dunstan also Godfry and Eppie. The Case of Godfry and Nancys sadness over not being able to dumbfound children also arises in the unexampled. One of the relationships between mother and child is Molly and Eppie. Molly was married to Godfrey and the only person who knew about his secret life was his brother Dunstan. Molly was addicted to drugs and she lived in poverty, her relationship with Eppie was undo by her addiction, the only love Molly had in her life was the love to drugs. Instead of devoting herself to rescue up Eppie she devoted herself to being drugs.Perhaps this addiction was because Godfrey let her d take in and was ashamed of her so she had to rely on something and for her it was drugs. When Godfrey realises that his wife passed away, the expression a weight was lifted of his shoulders is very relevant. Godfreys secret was kept and he was not prepared to claim Eppie even though she was motherless. As he was free, he could now propose to Nancy without worrying about his wife. Godfrey entered this secret marriage as he was young and foolish, however he realised his mistakes when he realises he loves Nancy. He couldnt get out of his marriage with Molly as Molly exterminateanger to tell his father, so Godfrey would rather gravel a secret marriage than shame upon his name.However, Dunstan knew about Godfreys secret life and having a family of his own, he constantly manipulated Godfrey over this, Godfrey did most of what his brother said as he was afraid that his brother was going to tell his father. Godfreys upbringing could be reflected on how he treat his wife and daughter. Godfrey was basically abandoned by his father, and was mostly brought up by his brother Dunstan.The Squire exhausted most of his hours in the local pub the Rainbow as he liked to drink and Dunstan became a hatful like his father, he liked to drink and gamble the villagers described him as a spiteful twit felloe. If Godfrey and Dunstan had a mother raisingthem and a father setting a better example, Dunstan and Godfrey would have more interests and be able to talk to each other instead of being afraid of their own father keeping secrets from him and being afraid of him finding out the truth.The Squires household has no women to influence the upbringing of the two children, yet nor does Silas, the upbringing of the children is very different because the Squire is harsh and Silas is very different in which he is very sympathetic towards others. Squire Cass is a man with authority and money w ho has to bring two children up. In Victorian England, child rearing and the development of good families were considered as a female role. The relationship between Silas and Eppie is one of the key parent-child relationships in the novel. A alone(predicate)ly man, feared by many villagers, is changed into a man who was admired by all of the villagers he was changed by his adopted daughter Eppie. end-to-end his life with Eppie, Silas regained his sense of faith and community. She changed his perspective of life, and taught him how to value human affection rather than gold.Eppie came into his life by dint of an open door (which which could symbolise new place and a new beginning) and lay asleep by the hearth- in Celtic traditions the hearth was the heart of the home. Silas mistakes her golden curls for his lost money, he is stunned by her look just as he was when his money disappeared Goldbrought back to him as mysteriously as it had been taken away He felt his heart begin to bea t violently, and for a few moments he was otiose to stretch out his hand and grasp the treasure. The child has the same affect on Silas as the gold does the most important thing in Silas life was his gold. A metaphor she becomes his new treasure. On premiere sight of Eppie, Silas associates her with gold and treasure.After calling upon a doctor to examine Molly, who is pronounced dead, Godfrey asks Silas Youll take the child to the parish to-morrow? Godfrey recognises his child solely he does not want anyone to know he is the father and he is instinctive to give her away. Silas wants to keep the child because he sees them both as lone creatures its a lone thing and Im a lone thing. There is affinity between them and he is determined to bring her up himself as the child fills a gap that Silas has been missing- fill out. From the start, there was a knock-down(prenominal) bond between Silas and Eppie. It is veryironic how Silas, a stranger towards Eppie wants to be a father towa rds her, moreover her real father wants to offer her to a parish. Feeling sorry for his actions Godfrey gives money to Silas to buy clothes for Eppie so he feels he has given something towards her upbringing.In a short while, Silas becomes extremely attached and very genitive case over Eppie, this is because he wants to bring her up himself he wants to act like a father towards her. I want to do things for myself, else it may get fond o some-body else, and not fond o me. Love is jealous, with Silas only wanting Eppie to love him and no one else. Silas has a big desire to be loved, with this truthful and pure bond between them , Eppie transforms Silas life in many ways, she forms a bridge between him and the villagers, with this fall in with the other villagers, he receives advice on how to bring Eppie up and they remember of him as a good person.In Victorian England, to have a well brought up child, discipline and several beatings were the key. There was a strong belief that th at children had to be trained to be good, however Silas approach to disciplining Eppie was very different from how the other villagers penalize their children. Silas tried to punish Eppie, after persuasion by Dolly, by putting Eppie in the coal mountain but after a little cry he let her out again shes got no tricks but what shell grow out of. In Victorian England the reader would be very strike about his decision not to punish the child however a modern reader would think of his decision as being a typical loving parent.Silass decision on bringing up Eppie discipline free worked, she grew up to be a polite young woman. In the end after sixteen years, Godfrey confesses to Eppie about being her biological father, though she declines the offer to live with him and his newly get hitched with wife, the reader feels the true and loving relationship between Silas and Eppie as she chooses to stay with him I cant feel as Ive got any father but one referring to Silas. At the end of the no vel Silas and Eppie stay together, the reader sees that she chooses the poor man over the rich, as there is love and care between them.The message seems to be that family affection can be found not in the well cognize richest families but in the poor families. The wealthiest family looses everything, for example, Dunstan dies and Nancy cannot produce a healthy child and it passes away (this could be a consequence as Godfreyrejects his own child instead of taking responsibility of it). He gains a wife, but not the family he wanted.

Mexican Migrant Workers Essay Example for Free

Mexican unsettled Workers EssayMigrant workers project long stageed a crucial role in the deliverance of the United States, there has always been a rather heavy flow of both efficacious and guilty im migrants to the United States. There is a orotund variety of different jobs available for both legal and black immigrants in the United States, legion(predicate) women find work with to a greater extent affluent families and argon employed as nannies or maids. Some women find work in factories, often turning come on clothes or toys, which is often jade-intensive low- plight work and especially for those migrant workers that may not be in the rural area legally. Perhaps the just about distinguished role that these women play in the U. S. s economy involves our extensive gardening sector. Prior to slave trade union movement restrictions horti glossiness in the U. S. was largely dependent on slave patience, which was basically free as one might expect. The first Engl ish colonies imported slave press as early as 1619 and Spanish colonies had practiced intensive slave labor since the 1560s. Slave labor became increasingly important in producing highschool-value cash crops such as tobacco, sugar, coffee and cotton.Although slave labor was most important in Southern plantation style agriculture, it likewise played an intrinsical role in agriculture in the North which is contrary to the popular belief of Northern states being intolerant towards thrall. After slavery was abolished in the 1860s and the slaves were emancipated, it was clear that those touch in agriculture would have to find another source of affordable labor to pick up the slack (Valdez 1). Luckily for North the Statesn uttermostmers there were more sources of brasslike labor at this time and many a(prenominal) people get outing to immigrate to find work.Shortly after(prenominal) the abolishment of slavery there was a very large influx of Chinese immigrants, a huge absol ute majority of these immigrants were put to work in agriculture as well as being integral to building the nations railroads. The flow of Chinese immigrants was curtailed by the U. S. government when they passed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, in general believed to be a reaction to the decline of the gold rush with legislators employ the Chinese as a scapegoat. partially overdue to the loss of Chinese immigrant labor, many workers began migrating to the U. S. from Mexico and the Philippines.It is important to note that there were chew of European immigrants that as well found employment doing menial agriethnical work, however their experiences were in general different than the experiences faced by Mexican workers. For instance, workers from England shared a common language and religion with their employers so it became easier to assimilate into society. Although there was some divergence towards German and Irish immigrants due to the fact that these were generally Cathol ic countries, these differences were usually reconciled and didnt engineer as much of a toll on those immigrants.However, employers soon found out that their Mexican laborers generally did not go on strike or demand higher(prenominal) engage even when their running(a)(a) mark offs were quite abject, this led to increased discrimination and ab utilization towards Mexican migrants (Valdez 1). The use of Mexican migrant labor declined during the Great Depression, as many of the agricultural jobs filled by Mexicans were now highly sought after by internal migrant workers that hailed from Dust Bowl states and were generally desperate to find work. After military man War Two, the U. S. economy was once again healthy and began to thrive as it had sooner the Great Depression.During the thirty or so years following introduction War Two a new arch began developing. This trend involved a large number of laborers traveling from the southern United States and Latin America (most notabl y Mexico) to perform seasonal agriculture work in the more northern states. Indeed, there were plenty of U. S. citizens that performed migrant labor at this time, often being placed in jobs by the Farm effort Agency, though most employers began to see the benefits of informally employed migrant workers. Although many of these foreign workers were hired by dint of government designs, their contracts were pre-determined by prospective employers.Essentially, this meant that employers had complete control over their workers and if any of them complained about poor working conditions or demanded higher wages they could immediately be deported at their employers whim. Working conditions originally were poor during this time, many trends that are still perpetuated today began during this period. For instance, most migrant workers depended solely on their crew leader for goods and nutrition which were often sold at exorbitant prices that created company debt for the workers.Aside from the grueling labor, most migrant workers lived in very poor conditions as well with far too many people often crammed into small, remiss shacks. Another trend that developed during this period is the increasing use of illegal migrant labor. Beginning during World War II Mexican citizens could legally travel to and work in the U. S. under the Bracero Program, justified due to the fact that crops couldnt go un-harvested during war time. Essentially a guest worker program, the Bracero Program was expeditious from 1942 to 1964 and during this time it sponsored approximately 4. million border crossings by Mexican migrant workers.This program en repulsed certain requirements on employers that mandated that an acceptable level of wages, housing, food and medical care be provided to their workers and as a result many migrant workers enjoyed higher standards of living than they had back home. As a result employers began seeking out illegal migrant workers that were not involved in the pro gram, as they could pay them much lower wages firearm not providing any of the afore mentioned services. Pressure from employers as well as domestic agriculture labor unions (who viewed the Bracero program as an impediment to U.S. born workers) eventually led to the demise of the Bracero program in 1964. As there was still a huge demand for cheap, agriculture labor and no longer a legal labor pool it is easy to see why there was such a swamp of illegal migrant workers from Mexico (Valdez 2).Today, migrant workers are still every bit as important as they were in the past and a large majority of them continue to hail from Mexico. Federal law defines migrant workers as anyone that travels more than 75 miles in search of employment, and by this definition at the turn of the twenty-first Century there were an estimated 2. million people working as agricultural laborers with a scant 12 % of these workers establishing temporary residences while working and roughly half still considering Mexico to be home. Between 1990 and 2001 the total of Mexican born migrant workers working in agriculture rose from about 30% of the work force to nearly 50%.Although these workers still constitute a small portion of all the U. S. s wage and salaried workers they play a critical role in the more labor intensive aspects involved in the production of all fresh, canned, frozen and processed foods consumed in the U. S. More than 85% of all result and ve micturateable crops in the U.S. require hand planting, hand cultivation and hand harvesting which is extremely labor intensive. Despite their importance in this industry, around the turn of the 21st Century Mexican migrant workers realize an average yearly income that was solitary(prenominal) about 40% of the official scantiness rate (CIA 1). Although the large majority of migrant agriculture workers are male, there is still a very large number of feminine migrant workers seeking employment within the U. S. To understand the plight of these women we first must understand but why they choose to travel to the U. S. in search of work.One of the key push factors for these women is the poor frugal conditions that Mexico has historically faced. Mexico went through a very harmful debt crisis in the 1980s that has played a large role in the countries current economic woes. Currently, Mexicos GDP growth rate is a relentless -6. 5% which places it 200th compared to the rest of the world. Mexico also has an unemployment rate of 5. 5% with an underemployment rate of nearly 25%. exploitation a food based definition of poverty about 18% of Mexico lives in poverty, however when using an asset based definition for poverty a whopping 47% of Mexicans live in poverty (CIA 1).Due to this impoverished conditions many Mexican women have trouble finding work, and although the literacy rates for males and females are roughly equal in Mexico, and males are generally chosen over women for the jobs that do exist. It is easy to se e why so many Mexican women are eager to travel to the U. S. in hopes of finding better jobs and higher wages. Along with money woes, this extensive level of poverty also takes its toll on relationships. When times get tough, there is often more strain at home and husbands and wives are more likely to not get along.Although this is certainly not a line of work that is unique to Mexico, there is one key cultural component Machismo. There is no single, set definition of Machismo, but it is generally viewed as what traditional Mexican culture believes to be acceptable masculinity. Certainly, not every Mexican male fits this Machismo stereotype and there isnt necessarily anything wrong with the radicalls that men should aspire to be strong and tough. However, there are many critics of the Machismo culture and believe that it is very counter-productive and harmful towards women.For instance, it is believed that the Macho man should be able to provide for his wife and family and when po or economic conditions are an obstacle to this the man may often feel inadequate and embarrassed (Soong 1). This wouldnt be as big of an issue if one of the key pillars of the Machismo man involved force play. Shockingly, one-third of intrinsic Mexican women interviewed stated that a husband had the right to hit his wife if she hadnt fulfilled her obligations and 42% of those interviewed admitted that they had even been beaten as young girls.It appears that the ability for men to assert their dominance over women through violence is an accepted part of Mexican culture and most men are never penalise for committing what amounts to very criminal acts. It is believed that between 1999 and 2005 an estimated 6,000 women were murdered in Mexico, with most of these deaths being caused by domestic violence at the hands of their husbands or boyfriends. Of course, we realize that not all or even most Mexican men behave this way however it is certainly a large enough cultural problem to cau se a lot of strain on Mexican women.Many women, already overwhelmed by economic worries, leave Mexico simply to get themselves, and often their children, away from abusive relationships (Soong 2). As we have now depict two key push factors, both economic and social, it is also important to recognize the pull factors the reasons croupe why women choose to migrate to the U. S. The U. S. is very benevolent to Mexican women, as they believe that they will be offered better jobs and better wages upon arriving. Unsurprisingly, American companies are also integral in luring these Mexican women to the U. S. s they have began to rely on the cheap, docile labor that these women provide. In fact, many U. S. companies have been known to use Mexican immigrants as an suit for how the American Dream can be accomplished. Many American businesses are now creating marketing campaigns that explicitly target Mexican immigrants, knowing full well that they will quarter just as many illegal immigran ts in the process.Even though these businesses are except seeking to exploit them, many Mexicans and especially Mexican women are interpreting these ads as a sign that they will be more readily accepted in American society and this makes migrating to the U.S. even more appealing (Wyans 4). Many Mexican women also believe that the U. S. is some sort of egalitarian utopia, even though that is far from true. With the American societies push to be politically correct and aim for a level playing field, many Mexican women feel that the gender inequalities they experienced in Mexico will not exist in the U. S. This idea of an egalitarian U. S. most certainly stems from the very biased media that America exports to around the world, which undoubtedly paints America in a very positive light.Even though the Mexican woman migrating to the U. S. ay secure a more lucrative job and better living conditions, she will most likely face most of the identical social ills she had experienced in Mexic o (Wyans 5). When taking these push/pull factors in to account it is no gust that so many Mexican women are migrating to the U. S. Most casual observers assume that these Mexican women are only migrating because they are passively accompanying their husbands but this is certainly not the case, especially in recent years. In fact, more than half of the migrant workers from all Latin American countries traveling to the U. S. are women traveling by the own volition.Migrant workers as a whole are confided to the lower skill sector of the labor market, and the women among these migrant workers usually only find work in the lowest manual positions such as childcare, industrial cleaning, food processing and sewing. Not only are female migrant workers given the worst of already poor jobs, they are almost always paid less than their male migrant counterparts. Employers have also caught on to one key trait among female migrant workers, many of them are unwilling to demand higher wages or c omplain about working conditions simply because they are trustworthy for their children at home.This leads many employers to subject women to longer hours, lower pay and worse working conditions than they would expect a male worker to put up with (Cultural Survival 1). As I had previously stated, migrant workers play a key role in harvesting and processing our nations food. A very intriguing example of the role that female Mexican migrant workers play in this sector of our economy involves Marylands guide industry. Each year, hundreds of Mexican women travel to the Eastern Shore of Maryland to work for Maryland screech companies. These women generally enter the U. S. legally, by accommodateing a temporary work visa known as an H-2B Visa.Although the H-2B program was originally intended to the employer to temporarily supplement his current domestic work force with migrant workers, most of Marylands crab companies have begun to rely solely on H-2B workers. The H-2B program is quit e interchangeable to the government programs I mentioned earlier. The key similarity and cause for concern is the fact that an H-2B guest worker is fundamentally bound by regulations to a single employer, so any demand for higher wages or better working conditions can still be met with the threat of deportation (Paral 8).In order to hold an H-2B visa most women meet with local recruiters in Mexico.These women are already being exploited before they leave their home town, as these H-2B recruiters illegally force them to pay large fees in order to obtain their H-2B permits. Many of the women that cant afford these fabricated fees wind up working out loans with their H-2B recruiter, which generally have exorbitant interest rates that put the women further in debt. Legally, these recruiters are not allowed to shift any fees but it is impossible to enforce U. S. relations south of the border.Employers are often able to take aim certain messages via recruiters that violate U. S.Civil Rights laws, they are able to suggest that recruiters discriminate when choosing employees and are able to assert ignorance if ever reprimanded for their recruiters behavior. After receiving their H-2B visas, the women cross the border and board a bus that will take them to Maryland. They are not informed how long the trip will take, and although they are told to bring American dollars to buy food, many women either cannot afford to eat or are too intimidated by the language roadblock to shop for food and as a result go the entire 2-3 day bus trip without eating (Kloer 1).When these women finally make it to Maryland they typically rent houses that are owned by their employers and located on islands in Chesapeake Bay. Crab companies are not legally required to provide housing for the crab pickers, but most own and operate rental houses in order to ensure that their workers remain remainder to the crab picking houses. The houses not located on islands may just as well be, because during high tide the bridges and roads connecting them with the mainland become impassable. These houses are usually in very poor condition and the women often complain about such problems as non-working stoves, leaks, and poor plumbing.These poorly maintained houses have also been known to house up to 30 women at one time, some women interviewed reported sharing a bedroom with up to 7 other women. Most women must either share beds with other women or sleep on the floor and generally have little to no privacy while staying in rental housing. To top it off, very few companies give keys to their tenants which means they cannot even lock their houses to protect their possessions while working in the crab picking houses (AUWCL 3). Many of the rental houses also have problems that are in direct violation of the counties housing code, such as broken windows and mold infestations.Despite these infractions, no legal action has been taken by the county in order to ensure that these rental ho uses be in inhabitable condition. Not only are the living conditions of these rental properties very poor, living on an island is also pestiferous to the women in some very significant ways. Since these women reside on an island when not working, they become very quarantined from the rest of the local community. One almost wonders if these houses werent strategically placed by the employers, because living in such isolation shields their plight from the locals and also forces them to rely solely on their employer (Kloer 2).Since there is no unexclusive transportation to and from the island, and these women cannot afford to buy a gravy holder, they must rely on their employer for transportation to the mainland. Many companies only arrange transportation for their workers weekly and on fixed days, because there is limited space on the boat only a limited number of women can go to town at once. As a result of this some women reported having to wait two or three weeks before they c ould get to the mainland to get groceries, this meant that they had to rely on fellow workers for food and other items.

Fmla Persuasive Speech Essay Example for Free

Fmla Persuasive Speech EssayTHESIS the Statesn families will gain from Family Security Insurance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE If your like me, youre acquire a college degree to not only de conk outr your self with an income, but also to take c atomic number 18 your family members in their clips of learn. STATEMENT OF CREDIBILITY I befuddle found through researching work and family in the United States, that we as a country are doing a poor job supporting parents, and I remove found a policy that I believe would help. PREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS First, intimately examine why work families need a remedy gum elastic net today than working families have in the past, second, well take a account at how topical laws are not doing enough to protect families from hardship in the true workforce, and fin totallyy, well understand how a modest proposal will make a dramatic difference for the lives of American families.BODYI. Working families need a better safety net in todays workfo rce. A. The conundrum is that todays workplaces have not caught up with societal changes. 1.The work-life balance is getting increasingly harder for women because the current frugal situation requires devil earners. 2.Bankruptcy expert Elizabeth warren stated that two-incomes are needed to make stops meet for fondness class families in a 2006 article for the Social Science Research Council. B. This problem has the consequences that more children and women living in poverty. Elizabeth Warrens 2003 give The Two-Income Trap, she states that having a child is now the single best predictor that a woman will end up in financial collapse. The US Census Bureaus 2011 data show among women who head families, 4 in 10 lived in poverty (up from 38.5 percent in 2009). The child poverty rate, already high at 20.7 percent in 2009, jumped to 22.0 percent last year. More than half of poor children lived in female-headed families in 2010. C. This problem started when wellness insurance, middle class taxes and housing prices experienced a sharp increase, yet incomes remain flat.1. Warren illustrates that there is a paradox, because families make more, yet have more m cardinaly but less income to save. 2.The summation bump in income has placed families in a higher tax bracket giving them other financial burden. The cost of child care is another financial burden. D. This problem has the largest impact on middle class and poor families. 1.Joan C. Williams writes in her 2010 book Reshaping the Work Family Debate that many single mothers are one sick child away from being fired. 2. Elizabeth Warren points unwrap that now, more children will live through their parents bankruptcy than their parents divorce.TRANSITION Now that I have shown you that working families need a better safety net, let me tell why todays workplaces is placing families in a precarious position. II. Working families are going to workplaces where the current laws dont do enough, and rules still represent the outdated society of the 1960s. A. The current law, Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) doesnt go far enough. 1. Under the current Family and Medical Leave Act, parents are only offered legal protection from getting fired for taking a ply of absence to care for newborn or sick family members. 2. accord to a 2010 report from Georgetown University Law Center and the University of atomic number 20 Berkeley, the FMLA protections reach only half the workforce because it excludes dispirited businesses.3. The FMLA provides protection for workers to take only unpaid leave, which many workers cannot afford. B. Few are advocating for changes in FMLA, so working mothers often quit their jobs when they have a baby or there is a family crisis, which is making America fall behind in the global market place. 1. According to Edward E Gordans 2009 book Winning the ball-shaped Talent Showdown a lack of family friendly workplaces is causing a stampede of new mothers out the office door. 2. Gor don concludes that Americas inability to retain talented women is making America less competitive in a global economy. C. Working families today are still working under workplace norms from the 1960s. 1. Joan C Williams notes that in the 1960, only 10 percent of mothers worked and only 10 percent of couples divorced. 2. Today, 70 percent of American children live households where both parents work and 40 percent of couples divorce.3. Today, many families will end up in economic ruin if only one spouse works. TRANSITION Finally, since the workplace norms and current laws have not caught up to our changing society, lets look at a policy that could provide some relief to families. III. Working families would eudaimonia greatly from Family Security Insurance (F.S.I.) policy initiative co-authored by researchers at Georgetown University Law Center and the University of California at Berkeley in 2010. A. Family Security Insurance would provide paid leave to both men and women for health and care-giving reasons. The policy could be implemented by the State or Federal Governments The policy would pay a federal minimum wage for up to 18 weeks. a. This pay is taxable,b. We could also provide baby subvention (appox. $5000.) to parents who dont take the leave to offset the cost of child-care. c. This policy has already been implemented in Australia in 2010. B. Lew workaday of Newsweek, Aug 3rd, 2009 published 2007 study from McGill University found that out 173 America is among the worst for supporting families. 1.We stood with only Liberia, Swaziland, and Papua New dago as the only countries providing no paid maternity leave. 2. Of all the wealthy countries, excluding ours, parents are entitled to up to 47 weeks of maternity leave. 3. Australias 2011 Paid Leave Scheme is the most modest least costly of all industrialized nations family leave acts. C. Some would argue that implementing a broader family leave act would hurt businesses.1. A broader family leave act will lead to better business outcome. 2. It would retain talented workers who have families. Paid time off for sick employees would aid in full recovery causing less chronic conditions deliver businesses money on healthcare. 4 Recent research at Georgetown University Law Center and U of C Berkeley found parents receiving paid leave to care for a new born came back to work subsequently and were more productive overall. D. How to help Washington State lead the way with Family Security Insurance. 1. Write your congresswoman, Jaime Herrera Beutler, expressing your anguish for the families of Washingtons 3rd district. 2. Raise awareness by talking to your friends and family. 3. Call your parents and say thank you for whatever choices they have made to get you here.CONCLUSIONREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS Today, we have first examined why working families need a better safety net in the current workplace, second we have looked at how the current laws are not doing enough to protect families in 2012 from financial hardship , and finally we understand how a modest proposal could go a long way toward making American families more secure.

Cost of Capital Essay Example for Free

Cost of Capital Essay1. WACC is utilize for discounting cash flows in the future, thus each(prenominal) the modules of personify must reflect firms future abilities in raising capital. Cohen made the skid of using the historical data in estimating the cost of debt yet the share price has changed considerably everyplace time. The market value of equity should be used instead of book value. 2. Cohen calculates the cost of debt by pickings total interest expense for the year 2001 and dividing it by the companys average debt balance. This is an estimate of the true cost of debt, only is inaccu valuate and may not reflect Nikes current or future cost of debt. 3. Cohen obtained the corporate tax rate of 38% which is used to calculate the adjusted cost of debt by adding state taxes of 3% to the U. S. statutory tax rate 35%. In WACC calculation, marginal tax rate should be used as a corporate tax rate for the future estimate. We can use Yield to maturity (YTM) on 20-year Nike Inc . Bond issued in1996 of 6. 75% Cost of Equity The 20-year old U. S.treasury used by Cohen for a short-term investment of NorthPoint for the short-term 3 months to 1 year yields is more suitable. Given the risk-free rate (Rf) of 5. 74%, the market risk premium (Rm-Rf) of 5. 90% and beta value of 0. 80, we can calculate the cost of equity using the CAPM as follows Cost of equity = Rf + ? *(Rm-Rf) = 5. 75%+0. 80(5. 90%) = 10. 46% plodding Average Cost of Capital (WACC) We calculate the WACC of Nike Inc. using the weights and costs of debt and equity using the following statute WACC = Wd Kd(1-T) + We Ke.= 10. 05% x 7. 5 %( 1-38%) + 10. 46% x 89. 95% = 0. 4682% + 9. 4083% = 9. 8765% The weighted average cost of capital for Nike Inc. is some 10% percent. Recommendation Given the stock price at WACC of approx. 10% ,stock price should be greater than $50. 92, which is higher than current stock price $42. 09. This shows that the current stock of Nike is undervalued and is discounted rate of 11. 17%. Cohens WACC of 8. 4% of the stock was undervalued compared to 10%. Therefore Kim Ford should invest in the Nike for her mutual fund.

What A Good American Should Be Like Essay Example for Free

What A Good the Statesn Should Be Like EssayTo many, America is already a much developed untaught. Yet a lot of Americans themselves find it difficult to accept that their country is already at its peak success. Why? This is primarily because of the unequal views of both races and peoples scotch status. These two are only a few of the many reasons why Americans refuse to say that they dedicate already attained the American Dream. In this paper, two views of two different writers shall be examined. Namely, Leon E.Wynter who wrote the essay Transracial America Sells, and Langston Hughes who wrote the poem Let America Be America Again Before the writings are to be observed and examined, its very important that we gain knowledge about who the writers really are so as to be able to understand why they have views such as what they wrote. Leon E. Wynter has been writing for the wall Street Journal for about 10 years now and has also been a regular reader to the National Public Rad io.His essays and articles which are published in the Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, New York multiplication and New York Newsday are usually a series of discussions on how the elimination of racial discrimination, specifically that of the black-Americans and the white-Americans, in the marketplace could contribute to the attainment of the American stargaze of equality. On the other hand, Langston Hughes is known for his poetry and compositions on how the old America used to dream of a free America in the future. Hes also known for contributing so much to the Harlem Renaissance through his written works.His writings portray of his opinion on how laboring the people could help eliminate the inequality in the American society. As we go through these paper, several questions are to be considered to clearly understand what these two writers really send word for the fulfillment of the American dream. Here are some of the questions we must consider Which vision of the American d ream is more compelling? Will the American dream be fulfilled by the marketplace or by labor? Which writer has a deeper understanding and what are the problems with the views of the less convincing writer?

Trurls Machine Essay Example for Free

Trurls Machine EssayTrurls Machine is the story an artificer who makes an eight-story thinking utensil .The story is an attempt to portray the censorship of the people by a communist regime. Lem does this through the practice of character, plot and symbolism.The characters in Trurls Machine have very diametrical personalities. First, we meet Trurl, the constructor. He is a scientist and an inventor, yet he has an artistic billet. This he shows by giving the machine face. He has a quick temper and no patience for stupidity. He besides is firm in his beliefs as he demonstrates at the end of the story when the machine is trying to get him to give in. never ro ard Trurl, as if he no longer cared what happened, (Lem). Klapaucius is Trurls friend and rival. He is also a constructor, but a much more light hearted one. He is always looking on the bright side and he never shies away from adventure. He also has a quick wit and is able to piece a comical spin on most things. The machine is described by Klapaucius, Not only is it sensitive, dense, and stubborn, but quick to take offense, and believe me, with such an abundance of qualities, there all sorts of things you might do (Lem) It, like Trurl, is quick to anger.Lem uses the plot of the story to get his message across. In the beginning, the machine declares that 2+2=7. When it meets resistance in the form of Trurl and Klapaucius, who mock it, the machine becomes angered and escapes its foundations in order to followers after its tormentors. Here the tormentors become the oppressed. The machine goes on a rampage it destroys the t sustain that Klapaucius and Trurl hide in and continues to chase them up the mountain. In its anger, the machine causes too much collateral damage and ends up destroying itself.There is also much symbolism in this story. The machine is meant to symbolize the communist party. It tries to censor the opinions of Trurl and Klapaucius, mainly, that 2+2=4. Trurl and Klapaucius are the oppressed citizens suffering under the communist regime. They are persecuted for their beliefs. The landslide symbolizes the point at which a cosmos can no longer stand their oppressors and must act. The oppressors go too farand cause their own demise.Trurls Machine successfully portrays the struggle of oppressed people against those who would censor their beliefs. Lem was able to use character, plot and symbolism to achieve this effect. The story shows that if the oppressed stand up to their oppressors, there is a corking chance that they will prevail.

Afghanistan War Essay Example for Free

Afghanistan War EssayAfghanistan has been in war with the U. S. mainly because, The Taliban refuses to follow through with the commands that the U. S. gave them, as well as The troika Phases, Also the planned attack in 2001, but mainly because the U. S. wants the mineral resources that are found in Afghanistan. The Taliban refused to undertake 3 simple tasks mop up down the terrorist training camps, giving up the Al-Qaeda leaders and returning all the Statesn and alien citizens, which is part of the moderateness that we went to war with Afghanistan in 2001. The triplet Phases started in 1987-present the first phase was to topple the Taliban and ruin all terrorist camps from 1987-1997, the second phase was to defeat the Taliban military and re-build core institutes in the afghan state from 1997- kinfolk11, 2001, and the trinity phase was to turn to peace treaty doctrine due to increased military great deal presence from 2001-present. the States was planning an attack on Afghanistan to start off the third phase but what they didnt retire is that Afghanistan was planning an attack to the Twin towers to get back at the U.S. for what they did in the past years.The main reason to the war in Afghanistan was to get most of the mineral resources in Afghanistan that are very valuable, and costs lashings of money. Afghanistan and The U. S. A. are at war d The Taliban has refused to do the commands that the president of the U. S. (Mr. Bush) told them to do. More than two weeks ago from October 7th, 2001 the Taliban refused to fill up down their terrorist camps, give up their leaders, and return all Ameri washbowl and foreign citizens. Even though the U. S. s at war with Afghanistan, president Bush set up an arrangement so that afghan passel who were suffering from starvation and medical issues could be cured with the droppings of food, medical aid and, clean imbibition water so that they can survive and keep the afghan population alive, and for them to know what America can do when early(a) Countries are in a time of need.George W. Bush on Sunday October 7th, 2001 give tongue to The Military action is a part of our campaign against terrorismWe will win this conflict by the patient accumulation of successes, by meeting a series of challenges with determination and will and purpose. (Bush) This quote states that America will do everything in its power to get revenge on Osama bin Laden (Jerry Robinson) the somebody that President Bush thinks that he was behind the attack of the Twin Towers. Barack Obama dramatically increased the military troop presence in Afghanistan to have a larger force to protect the population from Taliban attacks due to, the Three Phases. The Three Phases consist of 1) Toppling the Taliban 2) Defeating the Taliban military and rebuilding core institutions of the afghan state 3) a turn to counterinsurgency doctrine due to the increasing rates of military troops in Afghanistan(Witte).Phase one had lasted from 1979-1989 when Soviet troops were withdrawn. Phase two lasted from1989-2001 the forces the join States and its allies had trained and armed now fought each other in complex coalitions for control of Afghanistan. The Third Phase lasted from September 11, 2001-present during Phase three on September 22, 2001 The United Arab Emirates and later Saudi Arabia withdrew their recognition of the Taliban as the legal disposal of Afghanistan, leaving neighboring Pakistan as the only remaining country with diplomatic ties. o some extent most of the Terrorist camps in Afghanistan were destroyed, and the government was ousted. Also, The Taliban surrendered within two months, much more quickly than expected. The Taliban and al-Qaeda began to regroup in 2003, after the United States shifted its military efforts to fighting the war in Iraq, and attacks on U. S. and NATO troops have continued since. The overall carry now is to ensure a stable Afghanistan that is no longer a hotbed for terrorist or ganisations. This all happened due to the Three Phases.

A Degree for Meter Readers Essay Example for Free

A Degree for Meter Readers EssaySouth Illinois Electric Company is a Member-Owned, Non-Profit Service Organization whose mission is to provide our member-owners with competitively priced, reliable electricity, superior customer service and modern solutions to enhance the quality of life in our communities. Organized in 1938 for the purpose of making electricity on hand(predicate) to rural areas, South Eastern Illinois Electric Cooperative has grown steadily and now serves over 23,000 accounts by means of some 3,500 miles of power line.(South Eastern Illinois Electric Cooperative, Inc. ) Meter Readers A meter packer is a service program employee who reads consumption meters for the purpose of billing. He or she may read gas, electric, and water meters, in addition to inspecting meters and service program boxes to confirm that they are in good condition, and checking for signs of tampering or fraud. There are no educational requirements for members of this profession, altho ugh most meter readers hold a high school diploma.The need for this profession is also on the decline, as many utilities have turned to automated systems which read meters remotely or read huge numbers of meters via handheld units which communicate wirelessly, reducing the need for employees. Every meter reader has a dispatch that he or she follows. Many often complete large portions of their route on foot, driving to a central point and fanning out from their vehicles, so they need to be in good physical condition. They essential also be willing to tolerate inclement weather, as meter readings are not canceled for things same(p) rain.See moreThe Story of an Hour Literary Analysis EssayEach one carries a handheld device which is used to record meter data or to interface directly with meters to ask data. At each household on the meter readers route, he or she notes down the customer acknowledgment and the reading on the customers meter. People in this position often face challe nges like locked gates, hostile dogs, or inaccessible meters along their routes, although many utilities issue meter reading dates to their customers and ask them to plan ahead for their reading.If a meter cannot be read, the meter reader leaves an appointment card, asking to reschedule a date to read the meter. Once the meter readers route is finished, he or she returns to the office to submit the data to the billing department, and bills are issued. Because most utilities cover a large area, there are usually enough routes to keep readers engage every day. Many grow very familiar with their routes and they are able to complete themquickly.Working as a meter reader requires a high degree of self-discipline, because people in this position shape alone in the field, without supervision. They may have varying degrees of interaction with the public, depending on when they set out on their routes and the communities they work in. Experienced meter readers may also periodically be aske d to accompany trainees as they take aim the process of meter reading and following a route.

How Successful are Pap Smears?

How Successful atomic f are 18 soft diet Smears?How successful atomic number 18 titty sullys in detect cervical and uterine malignant neoplastic diseases?George Nicholas Papanicolaou established the Pap grunge in the eighteenth century when he became intrigued by the guinea pigs vaginal blears as he was studying them. He pronto began to start his research on the female reproductive system, nearly specifi refery the different cytology slides he could obtain. His involvement in the field was his book published in 1943, Diagnosis of uterine crab louse by vaginal Smear. It keeped topics worry physiological castrates of a menstrual cycle, the hormones incorporated, and vaginal smears that led to his classifications of disease and malignancies. This jump started the cover charge for cervical sightcer and gouge at render to a signifi coffin nailt decline in cases of cervical malignant neoplastic disease. Later, he published an early(a)wise book specific to just disting uishing between wellnessy and diseased tissue passim the entire proboscis. These devil publications were just two of the four he finished in his life on top of awards and honorary decimal points. (Tan, 2015)Papanicolaou was certainly ahuge help in the advancement of cytology reporting. Since indeed, we ingest been up to(p) to learn and to a lower placestand much about pap smears, cervical genus Cancer and therole pap smears plays in diagnosing them. Although both pratcers begin in the aforementioned(prenominal) area, the uterus we can differentiate them by their pathophysiologys.The top dog re every(prenominal)y stands, how successful are pap smears in detecting these cancers? This can be argued on a few bases, but sticking to the occurrences we canfind out how successful they are, how they can be rubber, and what to depend if a woman does find herself diagnosed. Several factors can be hold backninto account much(prenominal) as the pathogenesis, level of disease, t he manifestations,precipitating factors, and several(prenominal) more. uterine and Cervical cancers both summonwith their testify etiologies, epidemiologys and prognosis. in that location are a few different ways to screen for cervical cancer, and this will look at a time into the Papsmear procedure. The Pap smear allows for a better look into the booths in thecervix, the point-blanking of the uterus. The test is looking for cancerous andabnormal cells that could lead to cancerous outcomes. In the test anobstetrician- gynecologist will fret past a portion of cervix cells. The useof a speculum helps the doctor keep the walls of the cervix open to beget aclear view and retrieve a good sample. The specimen will then be tested in acontrolled laboratory setting where a technician will observe forabnormalities. An ex officio cytology report will be sent to the doctor and thengiven back to the patient for gain counsel if needed. Results will beabnormal or negative (normal). Seve ral sources believe the Pap smear to be veryaccurate in the screening of cervical cancer. It similarly is a very pr til nowtivemeasure to take, as ample as the patient is compliant with the doctorsguidelines. By detecting cervical cancer early, treatment can begin to decreasethe stake of spreading and growing of the tumors. Pap smears buzz off been estimatedto reduce cervical cancer rates and mortality by 80%. (Weber, 2017) Incomparison, up to 80% of women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer ache nonreceived a pap smear in the past 5 old age. (Stppler)CIN or, cervicalintraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous condition of abnormal cell growthon the cervix. Intraepithelial means that the abnormal cells are growing on thesurface or the epithelial tissue of the cervix. Neoplasia is referring to thegrowth of new cells. Signs and symptoms can be limpid but can in any case resembleseveral conditions that females could encounter. These symptoms can includeabnormal vaginal bl eeding, bleeding after in puddleal intercourse, pelvic pain,discharge, and pain during cozy intercourse. (Stppler) It is recommendedthat women start getting pap smears at the age or 21. This is or so important ifyou are human immunodeficiency virus positive or have a weakened immune system. (Weber, 2017)These screenings should continue from ages 21 to 29 with cytology unsocialevery 3 years. From ages 30-65, women should continue cytology screening everythree years and add HPV testing. After 65 no screening is necessary as longpast screenings are normal and no risque risk is present. (Boardman, 2018)Over the years professionalshave plant it difficult to all be on the same page about reporting. roughly levelsof abnormal results can include atypia, mild, moderate, severe dysplasia, andcarcinoma in situ. The creation of the Bethesda carcass has given one reportingsystem for all health care professionals. In 1988 the National Cancer Instituteheld a conference for the creation of this system, it was then re-evaluated in2001. There are four study classifications that make it easier for thisuniversal system to work. ASC-US This abbreviation stands for atypicalsquamous cells of unde termined significance. LSIL This abbreviation stands forlow- rove squamous intraepithelial lesion. Under the hoar system ofclassification, this crime syndicate was called CIN grade I. HSIL This abbreviationstands for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Under the old system ofclassification, this category was called CIN grade II, CIN grade III, or CIS.ASC-H This means atypical cells are present and HSIL can non be excluded.(Stppler)CIN cases are to the highest degree forever and a day stimulated by transmission system with oncogenic flakes of HPV or, Human Papillomavirus.There are 12 know types of high risk HPV, which are the most prevalentassociations with cervical cancer. Cervical cancer results from a genitalinfection with HPV, a known human carcinogen. Because most HPV infections aretransient or, passing in and out of existence in a patient, it causes onlytemporary changes in cervical cells. (National Cancer Institute, 2014)About 90% of HPV infections clear on their own inwardly months to yearswith no sequelae. (Boardman, 2108) This makes it difficult to catch the HPVinfection and in criminal cervical cancer. also frequent of screenings might beproblematic for several reasons. One being that treating these abnormalitiesthinking it was HPV but that went past anyways would cause unnecessary stresson the patient. Also, putting strain on the cervix several multiplication in any periodof time can weaken the tissue and could ultimately affect the womans fertility.Interestingly enough, it can take up to 20 years for a persistent infectionwith a high risk HPV to become cancerous. (National Cancer Institute, 2014) Lowrisk HPV infections rarely or to the highest degree never cause cervical cancer. (Boardman,2018) However if lesions are found and non treated, they are more than probablyto turn into cervical cancer. (National Cancer Institute, 2014) There are different levelsof cervical cancer that decipher the increase on epithelial tissue. CINgrade 1 is low grade neoplasia involves nigh one-third of the thickness ofthe epithelium. CIN 2 refers to the abnormal changes in about one to two-thirdsof the layer. CIN 3 is the most severe affecting over two-thirds of theepithelium. 5% of HPV infected patients will acquire CIN grade 2 or 3 lesionswith three years of infection. scarcely 20% of CIN 3 lesions progress to invasivecervical cancer within 5 years. Only 40% of CIN 3 lesions progress to invasivecervical cancer within 30 years. Genetics can also play a role in a womans development of cervical cancer genetic connection holds fewer than only 1% of cervical cancers. Women who have an affected first degree biological relative have a two fold relative risk of developing a cervical tumor compared with women who have a nonbiolog ic first degree relative with a cervical tumor. Some specific genetic factors have been shown to be in association. The tumor necrosis factor is involved with cell apoptosis and a high incidence of cervical cancer. Polymorphisms, a nonher gene dealing with apoptosis, have been conjugate to the increased rate of HPV and in turn, cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer connect morbidity in developing countries, but is very uncommon in the unite States. Since 2004 rates have decreased by 2.1% per year in women younger than 50 years and by 3.1 per year in women 50 years of age and older. ACS reports 12,170 new cases of cervical cancer would be diagnosed in 2012. Age related demographics from 2004-2006 were highest among women from 50-79. But cervical cancer is doable to be present in any sexually expeditious woman. In terms of race, cervical cancer rates per 100,000 women in the US from 2005-2009 are across the advance Hispanic 11.8, African American 9.8, A merican Indian/ Alaska Native 8.1, White 8.0 and Asian/ Pacific island-dweller 7.2. Internationally, 500,000 women are diagnosed every year.Prognosis for cervicalcancer is very good, peculiarly when caught early. 5 year natural selection rates Stage1 greater than 90%, Stage 2 60-80%, Stage 3 nearly 50%, and leg 4 lessthan 30%. Treatment for this type of cancer is ordinarily bloodsucking on age,fertility or pregnancy plans. One procedure, LEEP, the loop electrosurgicalexcision procedure carries an electrical watercourse through a wire to remove abnormaltissue. Cryotherapy poverty-strickenzes the abnormal tissue. Laser therapy uses a beam of luminousness to remove or even destroy the cells. Conization can also be used with a wound and laser. (Boardman, 2018) In severe cases removal of the uterus, hysterectomyis sometimes necessary. Radiation, chemotherapy and surgery can sometimes beperformed in other extreme cases. However like any screeningtest on that point is always a ris k of inaccuracy in false negatives and falsepositives. (National Cancer Institute, 2014) In some cases a pap smear can befaulty and must be reported in an official capacity. Some examples of thiscould be drying artefact or excessive blood. The person reading the smearcould feel these are factors that affect the reading. Inflammation can also bea problem in a Pap smear reading. Inflammation can be from infection orirritation. (Stppler)Uterine cancer is defined asthe any invasive tumour of the uterine corpus and is the most common pelvicgynecological malignancy in the United States. Uterine cancer can also belabeled endometrial cancer. The most common type of uterine cancer specificallyis endometrioid adenocarcinomas. (Chiang, 2017) It is believed to have twoforms type 1 or oestrogen dependent and type 2, which is estrogen independent.(Holman 2012)Uterine cancer can start insmall areas or a go around multifocal mock up. Health care professionals canusually diagnose this type of can cer by the spreading pattern of the tumor.Usually the tumor will grow from the original location. This can tell thedoctor how far along the cancer is. Later tumor growth is seen throughmyometrial invasion and movement towards the cervix. The cancer itself can takefour different routes to spread out spatial relation the uterus. Direct or local extendsbeyond the uterus. Lymphatic, referring to exposure to the pelvic, para-aortic,and sometimes the lymph nodes. Hematologic goes march on reaching the lungs,liver, and bone metastatically. Lastly, peritoneal/ transtubular spreadresults in intraperitoneal implants. Staging of Uterine cancer,like most cancers, will depend on the amount of growth and spreading of thetumors. Clinical stage 1, which is the most common for patients, is strict tothe uterus. Stage 2 involves a large amount of the cervix. Stage 3 vaginal extension,adnexal mass, and/or suspicious retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Stage 4accesses the bowel and bladder and some other metastases around the body. Although pap smears areprominent for cervical cancer findings, it is non as helpful in uterine cancer.According to my findings, there are actually no screening regimens forasymptomatic women. The only screening mentioned is a transvaginal ultrasound,which determines the thickness in postmenopausal women. In the suspicion ofabnormalities, biopsies can be taken. Uterine cancer usually includes bothsurgery and radiotherapy. Other treatments follow a hormone regimen. Otherforms can use estrogen replacement therapy and Tamoxifen, which is usually usedfor breast cancer but can be used on endometrium tissue as well. (Holman 2012)Because of the early representation of the cancer, treatment is usuallysuccessful and most do non progress past stage 1. Recurrences can happen andusually do within 3 years of the original diagnoses, which occurs in half ofpatients. (Holman 2012)(Uterine Cancer)Symptoms of uterine cancercan range from genital discharge, pain, weight l oss, and change in bladder orbowel movements. However, postmenopausal bleeding is say to diagnose up to 90%of endometrial cancers. Another clinical finding would be glandular cells froma pap smear on a postmenopausal woman. Some risk factors are obesity,nulliparity, and late menopause. Diabetes and hypertension are also conditionsthat. little than 5% of this cancer is actually diagnosed when the woman isasymptomatic can increase the risk of uterine cancer. (Uterine Cancer) close to ofthe patients diagnosed with uterine cancer are obese, which can affect estrogenlevels. (Holman 2012)Over 50,000 cases of uterinecancer are diagnosed each year, leading up to 10,000 deaths per year. In womenalone, it leads to 4% of deaths related to cancer. 70-75% of cases arediagnosed at stage 1. In 2009, the survival rate for uterine cancer was 83.1%.(Chiang, 2017) A large majority of the population diagnosed are postmenopausaland ages 50-65, average age of 61. White women have the largest risk of u terinecancer in the United States compared to African American, Asian and Hispanicwomen. However, African American women have a larger rate of death.Interestingly, those women living in Asia or Africa have a a good deal smaller rate ofuterine cancer than Asian and African American women in the United States.Smoking actually has been shown to decrease your chance of endometrial cancer.The use of encumbrance pills has also been said to be a protective measurefor women. (Holman 2012)In conclusion, Pap Smearscan be resourceful ways of detecting cervical cancer but not at large uterinecancers. Pap smears are a great screening method for obstetrician-gynecologists and their patients to catch and prevent cervical cancer. Bydetecting cervical cancer early, prognosis is very good and very likely in mostcases. These quick diagnoses from pap smears and other sources has makecervical cancer a very uncommon cancer related death for women in the UnitedStates. Unfortunately for developing countr ies, lack of medical resources andresearch has made discovering cervical cancer difficult and fatal. With theBethesda System doctors from all over can classify cervical cancer the sameway. Pap smears are very accurate, but like any screening procedure there isalways the risk of false negatives or false positives. Although Pap smears haventbeen shown totally genuine to detect uterine cancer, there are several othermethods to find uterine cancer. The most obvious can be the presence of postmenopausalbleeding in women, which diagnoses most of the cases. Transvaginal ultra soundcan be used to determine the state of the womans uterine tissue. These and afew others have been said to be more reli subject than Pap smears. Counterpart toruling out Pap smear findings, one source does tell that if glandular cells arepresent than it might be uterine cancer. want cervical cancer, uterine canceris most always found in early stages or stage 1 to be exact. This earlydetection makes it only 4% of cancer related deaths in women. In doing my research it wasclear to me that Pap smears are in fact helpful in detecting cervical cancerbut not as much in uterine cancer. I only found one source that mentionedfindings from a Pap smear for uterine cancer. This was entirely interesting tome because they are in very similar areas of the womans reproductive system.In doing more research, it makes sense that a pap smear rarely diagnosesuterine cancer because it starts inside the uterus. The cervix being much lowerand away from the uterus makes it easier to obtain cells and much morereliable. Finding cervical cancer can be much more direct and easily obtained.Getting to the uterus safely is much more difficult. In further research I believe it would be interesting to look further into minimally invasive ways to detect uterine cancer. Another topic is using the any findings from a Pap smear in detecting cervical cancer to relate to prevention of uterine cancer. Lastly, the result of cervica l and uterine cancer on future pregnancy or on currently pregnant women. Works CitedUterineCancer. Uterine Cancer, www.csh.org.tw/dr.tcj/educartion/f/web/Uterine%20Cancer/index.htm.Boardman, Cecelia.Cervical Cancer. Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology, 26Jan. 2018, emedicine.medscape.com/article/253513-overview.Chiang,Jing. Uterine Cancer. Background, History of the Procedure, Epidemiology, 6Dec. 2017, emedicine.medscape.com/article/258148-overviewuterine cancer.Holman , Laura. The Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer. The Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer, 2012, www.glowm.com/section_view/heading/The%20Epidemiology%20of%20Endometrial%20Cancer/item/236.Stppler,Melissa Conrad. Pap Smear Facts About the Procedure, bruise &Guidelines.MedicineNet, www.medicinenet.com/pap_smear/article.htmwhat_is_a_pap_smear_procedure.Tan, Siang Yong, andYvonne Tatsumura. George Papanicolaou (18831962) Discoverer of the PapSmear. Singapore Medical Journal, Singapore Medical Association, Oct. 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613936/. Weber,Michael. Pap Smear (Pap Test) Reasons, Procedure, & Results. Healthline,Healthline Media, 13 Mar. 2017, www.healthline.com/health/pap-smear.Should Hate Speech Be Protected as Free Speech?Should Hate Speech Be Protected as Free Speech?Question Should dislike language be protected by the objurgate of exhaust talk?IntroductionHate speech is a controversial and often misinterpreted term for speech intended to degrade, intimidate, or incite military unit or prejudicial action against an individual or a congregation of individuals establish on their race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. The term has been taken to cover written as well as oral communication.My starting position is that scorn speech is not just one thing there can be at least four categories of abominate speech that we can address.By the end of this essay I hope to have shown satisfactoryly which, if any, types of nauseate speech could be protected by the undecomposed of unloosen speech.Right to reposition speech and port peradventure in a different era, the two could be seen as distinct, not just by name, but also in context.1The right of set free speech is a human, political or obliging right recognised and appreciated by states and their citizens. It is the right to communicate ones faiths and ideas using ones body and property to anyone who is unbidden to receive them. It was included in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.2Although freedom of expression is sometimes used within an identical context, it nevertheless includes any act of seeking, receiving and move oning information or ideas, regardless of the medium used.Perhaps the most commonly cited definition is the one given by the United Nations in Art.19 of their UDHR3 adopted in 1948.4Along the same lines, Art.10 of theECHR5provides the right to freedom of expression, subject to certain restrictions tha t are in accordance with impartiality and necessary in a democratic society.It is important to appreciate that the two are largely intertwined, and to be read separately would be of no particular appreciate or help. For the purposes of this essay, I shall regard the two rights as two faces on the same side of a coin.Being part of a group of ideals or social goods even, the right of free speech is not specially protected from other ideals. It has to fight with such(prenominal)(prenominal) rights as right to private life, public security and democratic par amongst others. There is no precedence that the right for free speech must always prevail.The word of the First Amendment creates a defence force for individuals and a difficulty for the state to regulate similar acts in the United States, as well as a desire to abolish the limitations already imposed by other states.6When whitethorn the right of free speech be limited?It can easily be imagined that the time, place and way of something being said or written or expressed in any other form is subject to interrogatory as to its appropriateness or inappropriateness respectively that is subsequently reflected in regional legislations. This is not commonly objected to.There is another controversial excuse for limiting it and that has to do with its content.7 A classic example is the removeion of circulation of Nazi ideas in parts of Europe. This is only to be expected, gestateing that the UDHR was an attempt to stop the terror witnessed during that war from misadventure again.It is important however to understand that all is meant by limiting free speech or prohibiting hate speech is not preventing someone from exercising the right, but rather a subsequent punishment.Hate speechThe prohibition of hate speech is often anathematised by the advocates for the right of free speech. Following Smolla, it can be generically defined as a speech assault found on race, ethnicity, religion and sexual orientation or preference8.Brison attempts to colour it even more by delineate it as the speech that vilifies individuals or groups on the same basis and which is face to face smirch or constitutes a group libel9.Waldron also believes that hate speech is a form of group defamation10. I would think that defamation is more accommodate as we have already accepted that hate speech can be manifested both verbally and in writing.When can free speech include hate speech?There is, of course, a number of blood lines articulated to justify the importance of including hate speech in the right of free speech, however, lacking space, I will address only the four that I consider of greatest importance.Discovery of truthThis argument has two distinct streams of interpretation. According to the first, we come to know more truth if we allow a free marketplace of ideas.11Advocates of the second stream claim that allowing discussions set ahead truth and the interests of the right for free speech more than rest rictions, as it allows for comparing and contrasting arguments.Scanlon divides the possible participants in a trade of speech into speaker, auditory sense and bystanders.The value protected by both is truth itself the speaker has an interest in communicating an opinion the auditory sense and the bystanders have an interest in evaluating and challenging the said opinion.Central to this argument is the importance of reliable and rightful(a) information since it would be detri rational to knowingly spread opinions based on the unreliable and false information.12 comment that this argument, like the rest, covers not only the packaging of views and opinions, but also of the communication of facts that do not ask over evaluation, such as the names of professors in the University of Essexs Human Rights department.However, as Schauer points out, this value does not have an a priori precedence over other values.13Livelier apprehension and personal developmentAccording to J. S. Mill we come to apprehend the truth in a more lively way when we confront plenty who trash our beliefs or be confronted by them respectively.So essential is this discipline to a real understanding of honourable and human subjects that, if opponents to all-important truths do not exist, it is indinspensable to imagine them and supply them with the strongest arguments which the most skilful devils advocate can conjure up.14Eric Barendt addsRestrictions on what a man is allowed to say and write, or to hear or read, inhibit the growth of his personality. People will not be able to develop intellectually and spiritually, unless they are free to formulate their beliefs and political attitudes through public discussion, and in response to the criticisms of others.15Greenawalt provides further inputBy affording tidy sum an opportunity to hear and digest competing positions and to explore options in conversations with others, freedom of discussion is thought to promote independent judgment and c onsiderate decision, what might be characterized as autonomy.16The speaker here has an interest in influencing the thought and conduct of others through speech. Furthermore, according to Joseph Raz, the audience has an interest in hearing expressed ideas that may potentially reassure and validate their lifestyles. 17Democratic participationThis has been elaborated best by Cass Sunstein.Free speech is to be protected because it facilitates the democratic articulation, aggregation and balancing of interests, and is necessary if the people are to be able to decide for themselves the candidates they think most suitable for public office and the policies that public officials should pursue. This argument links free expression with a commitment to political equality and a belief in democratic maladroitness.18The argument presupposes that the citizens of a democratic state have the right of free speech and are not negligent in exercising it fully. Democracy translates loosely into power of the people and by definition, for the sovereignty of the people to be effective, public opinions should be formulated free of any control or intervention by the government.As such, the speakers interest is in providing an opinion on matters of public-political life, while the main audience has an interest in hearing the views of others, and gaining an understanding of political views and preferences.The argument of the right of autonomyIn considering a law that prohibits speech, Scanlon writesIn order to be protected by such a law a person would have to concede to the state the right to decide that certain views were false and, once it had so decided, to prevent him from hearing them advocated even he might wish to19He goes on to argue that that since an supreme persons reason is sovereign over her own decisions, it is incompatible with her autonomy to be protect from certain evaluative views, or factual information, even if only to avoid the harm to her of coming to have fals e beliefs.20Greenwald describes such intervention as viewpoint discrimination21, the very thing that the First Amendment is employed to counter.This corresponds to the right of the audience not to have restrictions on their range of options to choose from in order to formulate an free decision.Let us now examine the kinds of hate speechTargeted vilificationSpeech directed at specific individuals or small group and with the intention to harm and insult the audience. The speaker consciously selects the wording for its potential to achieve just that.22 Contrary to what Brison argues, I would argue that it should include non-face-to-face acts, such as cases when is not direct but sufficiently specific.23The content itself does not usually qualify adequately as an impudence of fact, expression of an evaluative opinion or even of a valid political preference, since it is usually based on false accusations.Also, the speaker cannot barricade behind the right of autonomy and argue that non -racists are let over racists, since having a right of autonomy does not imply having the right to be racist and moreover clashes with the rights of others to be equally autonomous.It does not encompass the essence of the right, it does not promote the interests that the right seeks to, and it is not what is meant when the right for free speech is interpreted therefore we can conclude that targeted vilification should not be protected by the right to free speech.Diffuse vilificationThis is speech directed at a palsy-walsy or of mixed sentiments but larger audience than targeted vilification, but nevertheless has the same intentions to assault individuals based on the group they adhere to, or even the group itself, although they may not be the speedy audience.24 It usually employs symbols or banners with group specific insults.An example would be the Nazi march in Skokie, a village with a notable population of holocaust survivals and younger Jews. There is an evident intention to cause emotional distress and so, any speech or acts employed and political symbols used could not be excused as such, but as insulting, ruinous and intimidating.25A fair excuse would be that the averly distressed could avoid the march. To what extent this is possible depends on other factors such as prior sufficient advertising and the financial or effort overbearing on the victims part.This becomes more patent when the cost to pay to avoid the distress would mean losing ones work or avoiding communing areas or even becoming antisocial. This would clearly outweigh the interests of the speaker.Evidently, diffuse vilification promotes free speech interests at a far higher level than targeted vilification it can take the form of honest albeit mistaken at times expression of political and evaluative opinions, precisely because it is not targeted but addressed to a wider audience, which could be proactively met and discussed with an opposing group.Although in its honest and fair for m it should be protected by the right of free speech, in my opinion, the government has enough justification to interfere and attempt to control the manner in which it is expressed, and specifically by regulating the prohibition of speech, acts and symbols used for their potential to offend and/or to incite hatred and violence towards another social group.Advocating exclusionary policiesExclusionary policies are those that attempt to exclude certain social groups from equal participation in decision making and full enjoyment of their citizen and political rights. In its extreme form, this could include advocating genocide and ethnic cleansing.26The harm caused by a possible adoption and enactment of such policies is not easily outweighed, especially by the arguments for the discovery of truth and of personal development for obvious reasons.Following the argument for democratic participation, such cases constitute political speech, or part of, which the right of free speech clearly intents to protect. However, allowing the advocating of non-democratic ideals in a democratic society brackets democracy itself.I do not accept that democracy should succumb to such hypocritical arguments. I agree with what Rosenblum terms as militant democracy who attempts to defend itself. 27Even though state controls on political speech is restricting political equality, a democratic value, it is acceptable to do so when the speaker advocates anti-democratic values, even more so when they are advocating restriction on the political equality of others.From the perspective of the argument for autonomy, it can be argued that people should be allowed to exercise their right as sage sentient beings and consider, reflect upon, and decide for themselves which political speeches to support and which to strike down, without the need to cede their right to do so to any government.28However, how empirically justified is, or can, that be? What assures us that citizens will in fact make the right choices? What assures us that citizens will even bring themselves to consider such important and trying matters? Is it not the case that people who do concern themselves with such issues have a prior long time interest in them? How can we be sure that the citizens actually have the necessary mental capacities to fully comprehend the speech and its consequences?A democratic society is successful not only because of alleged equality, but also, because of alleged intellect. Following the notion of militant democracy not only there should be intervention to prohibit anti-democratic elements from exploiting democratic values, but also, there should be intervention to debunk, rebut and expose anti-democratic speeches. If the body of citizens is not able to comprehend it fully, the democratic government, assuming it is able to comprehend it, should step in.In my opinion, although this category is part of the general category of political speech, which the right of free speech inten ts to protect, it can take the form of anti-democratic speeches and incitement of hatred that may lead to horrid results. To this end, I conclude that this form of speech could be protected under the right of free speech, but the states should reserve their right to intervene in such circumstances that put into danger and jeopardize their very democratic nature.Harmful assertions of factThe notion that free speech should include the right to speak words that insult others, or saying what others do not like hearing, has become part of the modern societys pop wisdom heirlooms.The combined promotion of the values of truth, democratic participations and autonomy is indispensable, even though we cannot deny that even these assertions can cause tomb harm to individuals or groups.A fair objection to protecting these kinds of assertions I have found is what Margalit and Raz call the self-respect and dignity of group members, which are being threatened by such assertions.29This links to a r eversed interest for personal development on the part of the group members, especially when it comes to social groups set by ethnicity, where self-dignity and self-respect depends on the dignity and respect assigned to that group by others.However, can it not be said that a Kurdish minority in Turkey or the UK should be undetermined for their practice of FGM30 and to evaluative opinions and scrutiny from the rest of society about it, independently of their other dignity cognition and respect issues?In their extreme form, such factual assertions and evaluative opinions may lead to unjustified hate crimes and violence against innocent members of targeted groups. A classic example is the growing contempt that locals feel against immigrants in most countries.Even if top level surveys manage to prove that economic crisis, health system deterioration or other social harms are caused by immigrants, there is a huge leap from an empirical observation to undemocratic acts of violence.Milit ant democracy should step in here once again, not only to prohibit and punish such actions, but also, I would argue, to better regulate the matters revealed by such surveys.31Despite all these, harmful assertions of fact can be seen as promoting the interests embraced by the right of free speech. Even with harmful but not extreme assertions, an available remedy would be counter speech instead of restriction. This is possible because they are not mere vilification, but truthful and empirical assertions of honest intentions and therefore do not cause emotional distress.32In my opinion, a government should not be able to intervene by prohibiting the expression of such assertions, but they should be allowed to prohibit and punish individuals who misinterpret such assertions from resulting to hate crimes such as racial attacks.By saying this, one may think that I refuse to consider what some call group libel as hate speech worthy of being punished. This is not the case, since libel, de famation in general, is harmful yet untrue assertion. Even though some may differ as to the context of vilification, I take it to also have an element of faulty accusations.ConclusionI do not see hate speech to have just one singular face. As I have shown, it can be manifested in many different ways, which can in turn be judged on different grounds. Therefore it is inapplicable to argue that it should be either protected under the right for free speech in its entirety, or not at all.I am of the opinion that some forms of hate speech should be protected by the right of free speech, because of the benefits bestowed to society.Some other forms should not be protected states should take steps to better inform citizens about the different shades of hate speech and democratically establish legal frameworks to punish the ones that fall on the negative side of the spectrum.1 Due to the frustratingly large portion of the first draft of my essay spent on citing relevant treaties and articles defining the two rights, and assuming that the reader is familiar with them already, I have decided to include the definitions in footnotes, as they do not count towards the total word count. I do realise that this is inelegant, but I am exercising my right of autonomy to promote my personal interest, namely of not being penalised. release me.2 First Amendment to the United States Constitution reads as follows Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.3 United Declaration of Human Rights4 Article 19 of the UDHR states that Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression this right Includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.5 European Co nvention on Human Rights6 UK Sec. 18 (1) of thePublic identify Act of 1986 France Sec 24 of the Press Law of 1881 Denmark Article 266 (b) of the Danish Criminal Code The Netherlands Articles 137 (c) and 137 (d) of the Dutch Criminal Code7 i.e. the grounds cited in ICCPR and ECHR are content relevant.8 Smolla, 1991, 1529 Brison, 1998, 31310 Waldron, 2009, 1600-160111 Justice Holmes obiter dictum in Abrams v. United States, 250 U. S. 616 (1919).12 Cohen (1993 211, 229).13 Schauer (1982 23, 33).14 Mill15 Barendt (1985 14).16 Greenawalt (1989a 143-5).17 Raz (1991 311).18 Sunstein (1993 xvi-xvii).19 Scanlon (1972 217).20 Ibid.21 Greenawalt (1995 32).22 Greenawalt (1995 49).23 i.e. threatening letters, vandalism and so on and so forth.24 But may be bystanders.25 The fact that a march in virtually every other village or even a march in the same place but without the symbols would not constitute diffuse vilification but would rather be political speech only proves the dishonest intentions of the marchers. (Feinberg 1985 86).26 With notable examples the anti-Semitic speeches in Nazi Germany, anti-Greek and anti-Armenian speeches in Turkey, 1910-192227 Nancy Rosenblum (2008 412-455).28 i.e. the ban of Nazi parties from political life in Denmark29 Margalit and Raz (1990 119).30 Female Genital Mutilation31 Although not relevant to this essay, I would argue that the right of free move and work is a lot like the right to free speech in the sense that it is important but militant democracy should intervene to prevent it from harming a democratic state. A failed example of this would be Italys policy which only allowed a very limited percentage of immigrants. Surely, a middle position would be more successful.32 For example, a Kurdish should have been able to reflect upon the issue of FGM before encountering an adversary of the practice.