Increase In Private Car Usage Construction Essay

Increase In offst get along with Car Usage Construction EssayThis paper shows the prevalent attitude towards clean urban enjoy engraftment. This study was actu eachy taken out when the project was being under construction. Random sampling was do to the mint who commute close toly by their own auto. People were asked different questions by surveying questionnaire to pass travel attitudes. SPSS was employ to find results. Most nation were non leave behinding to switch from their own car to new urban ravish placement. By results it was found that current unexclusive transport in Lahore is un encourageable, unsecure, and not reliable. By assuring that new musical arrangement pass on be reliable, comfortable and suits you in e precise respect, most race were still un leave aloneing to switch from car because they dont have trust on govt. To conclude, new system has drawbacks and people attitudes are not eco- friendly.INTRODUCTIONIncrease in esoteric car usage in deve loping countries is causing numerous problems. Many big cities of developing world are facing issues standardised congestion, air pollution etc. unrestricted transport and sustainable modes of travelling are considered to be solution. (Goodwin, 1996 greennesse and Wegener, 1997).Lahore is the consequence populated city of Pakistan. Its race is more than 9 million and about 13.5 million daily people travel in 2006. (Transport Department1, 2012).Population is change magnitude, secret car trend and related problems are exacerbating. In city, creation transport is very poorly managed, traffic jams has increased the commutation distance. Lahore Transport Company buses are commodity but these are in very few routes. Mostly mini-buses which are very poor in condition are major transportation mode.By the last 15 years, increase in population and private vehicles has deteriorated air quality. Vehicle registration has increased from 56 to 116 per coulomb0 inhabitants. Cars have been increasing 10-15% annually. (Transport Department2, 2012) at that place were 2129990 total registered vehicles up to June 2009. (Punjab Development Statics, 2010)Public transport is often considered a sustainable mode for transportation. on that point should be policy measures to increase public transport usage. For that, public transport systems have to be meliorate by understanding the travel behavior and consumer makes. ( Beirao and Cabral, 2007 )Rapid Transit SystemTo cope with traffic problems and much(prenominal) issues JICA done a detailed study in Lahore on transportation system. The study plan was for 20 years, two main corridors were identifiedFerozepur Road Corridor 28.7 KmMultan Road Corridor 12.4 KmFerozpur Road corridor is also called putting surface Line, which extends from Hamza Town to Shahdara. It goes on Ferozpur Road, Fatima Jinnah Road, The Mall, Lower Mall, Ravi Road and ends on Shahdara through River Ravi.The journey from Hamza Town to Shahdra Station w ill take about 45 minutes by a regular speed of 33 Km/hr. It is assessed that 380,000 commuters will travel per day in 2015 rising to around 666,000 by 2025. The expected embody of parking lot Line is 2.4 billion US$, and an EIRR of over 13%.Orange Line is second important dis trade 27 Km long from South west of Lahore at Ali Town to Dera Guran in the North east. It runs along Raiwind Road to Thokar Niazbeg, Multan Road, Lake Road, Macleod Road, GT Raod and ends on east of Ring Road GT Road interchange.The Patronage of this line is projected to be about 330,000 commuters per day in the opening year 2018, breathing out up to 495,000 by 2025. The expected cost is 2.0 billion US$ and EIRR is 10%.Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project also stimulated private sector attention in city transport system. Govt. of Punjab and Lahore Transport Company would make sure enthronement friendly environment to the private sector to practice protected, comfortable, reliable and inexpensive public trans port.Feasibility, design, manufacture, process and sustainment of BRT will be on BOT basis. Therell be electronic fare system and fare will be decided by LTC which can vary with the time. Standards of safety and speed will be sustained.It will part with vehicle operational and maintenance cost. Travel time and congestion will decrease resulting in minify number of road accidents. Economic activities will upturn. By the presence of smoother and safer intra city travel system people will tend to switch from private car to new urban transport system. gum olibanum this will be fuel efficient and sustainable mode. Project implementation is based on Public Private Partnership (PPP) which will resolve finance problem and project will complete in certain time.Private party will be responsible for unscathed implementation of project.BRT system will take up in the central defined lanes. This will prevent from traffic queues, pedestrians, illegal set automobiles etc. Passengers will pay on bus stop entering, and every platform of station will be elevated to the height of bus floor. Bus lanes must be maintained by regulatory signing and separated from rest of the traffic by physical barriers. Additional force will be hired to prevent infringement into bus lanes and fines will be charged for illegal entry. Bus look requires two lanes in each course, and one lane will be 10 feet wide in each course.(Transport Department1, 2012 Transport Department2, 2012)METHODOLOGYData SourceRandom sampling was done along the proposed Green Line where project work had been started. It was about long. I did survey in Punjab Secretariat, Govt. College University, Punjab University (old campus), Choburji, 32 Chowk, Urdu Bazar.I selected those people who travel by their private car mostly. I acquired the information by asking questions so that i tried to get relevant and accurate answer. There were c questionnaires that I filled by people. forward it I run pilot testing to correct mi stakes in our questionnaire.For all the statistical analysis, Statistical encase for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. Then the analytical techniques like frequencies, cross tables, correlations, and regression was done and interpreted the results.VARIABLESThe variables that I used in questionnaire were age, income, tuition, marital status, gender, family size, commuting distance, time spend on road, usage of public transport, reliability of public transport, reason for using private car, air pollution by car usage, road congestion on road, reliance on new urban transport, willingness to switch from car, reason for not willing.Contingent Evaluation mannerI used CVM method to find willingness to switch from car usage to new urban transport system. CVM is used to find willingness to pay and willingness to accept for some betterment in the system. The method enables us to establish the value of those goods and services that are not exchanged in markets hence prices are not associate d with them.ResultsCorrelationsWhat is your genteelness?Will you switch to new transport system?What is your education?Pearson Correlation1.077Sig. (2-tailed).444N nose candy cWill you switch to new transport system?Pearson Correlation.0771Sig. (2-tailed).444N100100As the value is .077 near to zero it means theres a weak relation mingled with education and willingness to switch. More the education means that theres less willingness to switch from private car usage to public transport. People were not willing to switch either they have highly educated or not. This shows the egocentric and non-friendly behavior to environment.CorrelationsWhat is your income?Will you switch to new transport system?What is your income?Pearson Correlation1.059Sig. (2-tailed).562N100100Will you switch to new transport system?Pearson Correlation.0591Sig. (2-tailed).562N100100Correlation value is .059 for income, showing also weak relation between income and willingness to switch. More the income psyche is less likely to switch from car usage to public transport.RegressionThe value of regression should be from 0 to 1. The low values education, income and other factors show that the people attitudes are not determined by these factors. They dont care of environment.R- SQUAREModel SummaryModelRR SquareAdjusted R SquareStd. Error of the Estimate1.121a.015-.0161.0182.199b.040-.0221.0213.214c.046-.0501.035a. Predictors (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age?b. Predictors (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance?c. Predictors (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance? Road congestion increased time spends, comfort and reliability of public transport, new urban transport system is reliableT-valueCoefficientsaModelUnstandardized Coeffic ientsStandardized CoefficientsTSig.BStd. Error beta1(Constant)1.204.4542.652.009What is your age?.015.136.014.113.911What is your income?.064.153.050.417.677What is your gender?.212.204.1061.041.3012(Constant).702.6711.047.298What is your age?.009.138.008.063.950What is your income?.054.158.043.342.733What is your gender?.196.205.097.955.342What is your education?.094.176.056.537.593What type of is your job?.148.106.1431.391.168What is your commuting distance?.012.178.007.065.9483(Constant)1.153.9161.260.211What is your age?.011.140.010.077.939What is your income?.050.163.040.308.759What is your gender?.178.209.089.851.397What is your education?.087.182.051.481.632What type of is your job?.151.108.1461.401.165What is your commuting distance?.020.181.011.108.914comfort and reliability of public transport-.118.198-.063-.595.553new urban transport system is reliable-.028.127-.024-.218.828road congestion increased time spend-.045.107-.044-.419.677a. Dependent Variable will you switch to new transport system?Conclusion and DiscussionRoad congestion and air pollution is one of the major problems caused by increasing trend of private car usage. Public transport is often considered an effective and environment friendly manner of travelling. Rapid transportation system project in Lahore seems to be effective but people using private car are not willing to switch to this.Most people dont have trust on current government, they dislike this project. Some say that this project would not be completed because this government was going to end sooner.And they didnt believe that itd have security, more comfort, and better management.And many people had the problem that this rapid transit route is specified and their homes were far away. So, if they wanted to travel by mass transit then they had to cover long distance to join it.Some people say that they had to done different tasks in whole day so the timing of rapid transit would not suit them.Only, very less people were agre ed on switching to rapid transit because they suffer mostly by traffic jams and money box afford any damage to their car.These all are behaviors of people and they dont depend totally on education, income, marital status, gender, commuting distance etc.By doing all work I concluded that the behavior would all different when the project was completed and bus was started to travel. Mini-buses, vans, and open rickshaws would almost washout. Because these all are in very bad conditions and person only used that due to absence of alternative.So, I think theres no need to tell the people right things but change the situation and conditions so that their attitude becomes environmental friendly. As effective policy making and its implementation can do this.