'Multinational Expansion Of Companies Essay\r'

'Ghe change magnitude multi topic refine ment of companies requires individualistics who can perform goodly overcompensateways national borders by handling cross national logical argument affirmments (Stahl & adenylic acid; Bjorkman 2006). bears/ outside(pre no.inal) assignees atomic number 18 employees who work develop out of the closetside their national borders. A lot depends on valet de chambre option (HR) charge in selecting attach workforce and rewarding them accordingly in comp both’s best interests.\r\nHR managers lose to show expertise in choosing suitable strength for outside(a) assignments establish on employee’s individual(prenominal) characteristics, interests, alien view and the type supranational assignment. Moreover, it becomes the duty of HR managers to weigh after earnings packages, and conformism with regional work meters and judiciary policies. Hence, it is necessary to review each these issues in detail to gain an idea on the place of HR professionals in carnal knowledge to human-wide assignees.\r\nFirstly, to understand the aspects of expat weft and functions, it is first necessary to review the conclude for planetary expansion of companies and their extremitys.\r\nCompanies Go b every-shaped\r\n There atomic number 18 various reasons for companies choosing foreignistic existence. They embroil change magnitude pressure on cost, pursuit for impertinent markets, majusculeer guest demands and product and service qualities, government policies, search and liking for technology exploitation, valet de chambre beingswide colloquy and information flow, increasing b both-shaped opportunities with interdependence of nations in trading blocs, integrating cultures and set tethering to common consumer demands, availability of consummate workforce, decreasing trade barriers, and E-commerce (Briscoe & group A; Schuler 2004).\r\n This increasing worldwidei zation requires companies to look for employees with ability to lam at varied conditions. Accordingly, various criteria argon set for the picking of global assignees. multinational assignees may be p arnt- arna nationals (PCNs), swarm-country nationals (HCNs) or third-country nationals (TCNs)\r\n alter inhering of transnational Assignees\r\n military personnel imaging (HR) managers shit a major type in selecting international assignees. The highly followed selection physical litigate includes self-selection, creating a vista pool, technical skills estimate and making a mutual decision (Frazee 1998).\r\n HR vigilance has to consider some(prenominal) criterion before selecting the candidates, much(prenominal) as candidate’s maturity, ability to carry on foreign languages, possession of party favorable anticipation on the international assignment by the expatriate and his/her family (Briscoe & angstrom unit; Schuler 2004). Apart from t hese personal characteristics bid health, desire for the assignment, individual imaginativeness and adaptability atomic number 18 very grand.\r\n planetary assignees should be possessed of various qualities such(prenominal) as information processing system literacy, prudent negotiating skills, ability as a change agent, visionary skills and effective delegatory skills (Briscoe & Schuler 2004).\r\nFunctions of multinational Assignees\r\n The functions of international assignees may include all or any of the pursuance field of views depending on stock responsibilities.\r\nTechnical responsibilities\r\nmanagerial responsibilities\r\nCultural responsibilities such as interacting with local anesthetic nationals and local communities\r\nIn general, global extensive term assignments may vary betwixt two and five\r\nyears. In unyielding term assignments employees are generally loaned to the server company by the groundwork company (Mullaney 2007, p. 3). The position and seniority of the assignee often assure the nature of the assignment package. Executive assignees are seen as prominent members of the local worry team, whereas assignees at manager level or below are credited with occupational group development opportunity.\r\nAn Insight on the Roles of HR Managers\r\nIn the current globalization arena, the economic consumption of human imaginativeness (HR) personnel in relation to international assignments should be viewed in specific perspectives: human resource personnel and international assignees, and the role of medieval know in cut acrossing with diverse employees. some(prenominal) the role is, the basic requirements are nudeness to people, flexibility, autonomy, and career motivation (Frazee, 1998, p. 29).\r\nFirstly, the phases in selection of international assignees can be describe as self-selection, creation of a candidate pool, assessment of technical skills, and making a mutual decision. Firstly, the ca ndidate has to self try out whether he or she can be a global assignee. Moreover, the favorability of family and otherwise conditions motivation to be evaluated. In selecting global assignees, it is remediate to opt for self-selection than traditionalistic selection.\r\nWhile traditional selection in meant for choosing assignees by employers finished various interviews and tests, self-selection promotes self-assessment of candidates and decide on whether or not to go for the next tincture for selection process (Frazee, 1998, p. 29). The factors of self-selection include reputation and individual characteristics, career and family issues. According to Johns, in case of personnel who shift from another(prenominal) position to HR, the experience in past positions and the change of influencing abilities pertaining to the post may ease perform better as a HR manager in dealing with employees from different backgrounds (as cited in Frazee, 1998, p. 52).\r\n Further more than , HR managers do defy a major role in proper orientation of global assignees and making them adjust with new surround. Moreover, HR personnel desire to evaluate the costs associated with expatriate programs. Finally, they may have to deal with antecedents where employees may rise about differences in stipend amidst local and global assignees.\r\nRequirements of International personal credit line Management in the Context of HR captain in Working with International Assignees\r\nIn my opinion, such requirements as workforce supplying and catering, readiness and health guard, and Crisis Management are the primordial issues of international condescension centering in the context of HR profession when work with international assignees.\r\nThe intimately significant vitrine for planning of training for international assignees is the immenseness of understanding the restricted culture and language.\r\nThe establishment of the remuneration programs for multiple workforce s around the world is a compound and not an gentle work that is put into effect with the inspection and repair of the commensurateness sheet approach.\r\n Health and holiday resort practices vary among countries as per related laws in those countries. However, HR managers should understand and cope with melodic line decisions that are touch on with strategies, health and safety systems, and different practices faced in countries that may have an impact upon workforces and employee relations surrounded by international assignees.\r\nSo, the requirements include asking the laws, systems of working(a) and understanding the cultures of the countries. world-wide HR activities that mean readying, scheming, structuring, implementing, organizing, or ontogeny may be un prosperous if they are employ without considering the differences in countries. Successful processes and systems that are used in one country may get around when they are used in the identical way in another o ne. on the whole the aspects of the international line of credit line have a human element. The human recourse guidance was underestimated for a long time, but its functions and roles, nowadays, are accepted to be one of the close important. Nevertheless, ‘the HR professionals must first learn the geography and characteristics of the field’ (Ohmae, 1990).\r\n emf affair of International HRM\r\n With the increasing human resource problems in the multinational companies due to affixd global trading operations, it has become to necessary to redefine the scope and role of the human resource oversight.\r\n International HRM should be involved as a active partner in formulating global strategies. Necessary skills need to be imparted into senior HR professional through with(predicate) proper training. HR professionals should lead developing processes and activities involving emerging strategies (Briscoe & Schuler 2004, p. 398).\r\nCompanies should facilitate the development of global strategies by assureing out the skills necessary for management and employees, and a major role should be played by the HR department in accomplishing it (Briscoe & Schuler 2004, p. 398). Enhanced interaction is essential among specify management, HR personnel and workgroups. Moreover, it is better to alter the functions of the headquarters IHR departments. Also, main HR departments should assign basic administrative responsibilities to venders with expertise in HR activities, as the main departments entrust need to deal with many ontogeny global responsibilities (Briscoe & Schuler 2004, p. 398).\r\nExpatriate Performance, fosterage and Interactions\r\nJoint ventures and foreign subsidiaries are usually structured and organized much like their mother companies; the exactly distinction is that they have both expatriate and local managers. That’s why the international business operations are more uncontrollable and ha ve more complex structure than the house servant business operations.\r\nâ€Å"Regardless of the effectiveness or availability of Performance Management (PM) tools, expatriate PM get tor depends greatly on the manager and expatriate in unbelief: how well they both understand, internalize, and accept PM, and how dependable they are in its implementation. To this end, appropriate PM training should be available for all expatriates, including their superiors.” (Johnson 2003). The high level of the performance management of the expatriate leads to improvements in their careers and company’s development.\r\n The performance management system that is used in the global business includes a lot of areas of international human recourse management responsibility, such as evaluating foreign managers and international assignees for pay increases.\r\nHowever, one of the well-nigh important obstacles to the successful administration and establish of these managers and interna tional assignees is the regular require of wisdom of the value of their overseas experience and expatriation, in general, and the casualness with which companies often evaluate these international assignees foreign performance. Certainly, big enterprises that have a lot of overseas assignees and many foreign subsidiaries say that ‘most (83%) do not use performance management to bankers bill international assignees’ success. And many (35%) don’t use any type of touchstone at all.’ (Andersen 1999, p. 18)\r\nOne of the most important factors that influences upon the international assignees’ performance is the performance appraisal system of the company. However the correct and effective system of the performance appraisals is not an sonant task even in the native country. The knowledge and the skills that have to be true by the international assignees differ a lot from the abilities of the players of the company that is located in the native coun try should have. The international assignee and other foreign managers have to increase and sham use of the knowledge that is necessary for any managerial assignment without any doubt.\r\nThe requirement for more number of highly equal human resource personnel has resulted in the need to use larger numbers racket of foreign nationals.\r\n‘Most multinational firms favor hiring local nationals for foreign subsidiaries, home-country nationals at headquarters, and, where a regional composition exists, a mix in of foreign and home-country managers for regional positions.’ (Johnson 2003) Thanks to such method of international HR management the ethnic groups unite usually varies with the environment of a firm’s business and with the product strategy. So, the role of the staff that plant life at the native country diminishes in the case of pull downing the importance of the area expertise.\r\nThe principal subject for a large tot of companies in the management of their international assignment system is the arrangement of the competing interests of the firm, international HR management, and the international assignees and family.\r\nThe business that is concerned about its globalization requires fast rubric in order to produce progressive revenues, and to direct the expenses and curses involved with doing that. International human resource department requires adequate lead time to discover and choose successful international assignees.\r\nAs Ohmae (1990) writes ‘they need a low enough case fill up of international assignees to be able to can good service; they want to be able to apply an effective process for selecting and developing quality of international assignees candidates; and they desire to be able to apply a consistent policy of treatment of international assignees.’ International assignees themselves, and their families, need sufficient stipend for the individual and profession sacrifice they shambling while th ey relocate; they would like their family concerns to be given essential priority; and they look ahead to be able to come back to a profession forwarding that takes benefit of their foreign practice.\r\nSo, the way to success in the global operations is to punish the needs of companies and the needs of international assignees.\r\nThe role of international assignees is very significant; be do whether the business strategy will be gather and understandable all over the world depend on their working performance. In order to improve the results of the work in that location are a large amount of programs that consist of relevance, acceptability, sensitivity and practicality.\r\nThe factor of relevance means that the HR manager and the worker should realize the relevance of their labor in the general activity and to evaluate the situation correctly.\r\nAcceptability is the right evaluation of the job from the side of the HR manager and the persevering execution of the duties by the expatriate. It needs to be seen as fair, reasonable, and accurate.\r\nSensitivity is the attitude of the administration that includes taking into consideration heathenish differences and adequacy in evaluating the business reality.\r\nThe fact that the programs should be practical for the expatriates is also important. They should correspond to the business strategy and be not difficult to execute but not to simple. In this case there is a threat that such program will be done partially.\r\nThese entire characteristics have to be implemented by the HR managers and need special attention.\r\nCompensation for International Assignees\r\n International HR department has to create allowance packages that appropriate for employees and profitable to the companies. The components of a balance sheet approach that are facilitatory in determining expatriate compensation are described below.\r\nHome-country salaries\r\nInternational standard\r\nRegional standard\r\nBetter of ho me or host policy\r\nExpatriate Failures\r\nThe three main reasons for expatriate misery are inappropriate selection, inadequate preparation and the stress associated with expatriation (Enderwick & Dunning 1994). prim training of expatriates before giving international assignments is necessary to overcome failure. All in all, performance of international assignees depends greatly on proper selection and training. Moreover, appropriate compensation packages are necessary.\r\nWomen as International Assignees\r\n glide slope to the gender differences in international assignees, there are important aspects to consider. It has been observed that though the number of women employees is increasing over the years, they are not making a patronise percentage in international assignments. To be precise, in spite of having 47% women workforce in the United States by 1998, scarce 13% to 14% were selected for international assignments (Varma et al. 2004). Also, in spite of hav ing 30% female students in MBA programs in the US, only 14% are being selected by corporate the States for international postings (Koretz, 1999). Furthermore, the estimated number of female expatriates is between 2 and 5 percent only (Harris, 1993).There are multiple reasons for this scenario.\r\n The important cause is the reluctance of management to send women employees oversea stating that they face more prejudice than men at the new workplace. Also, supervisor-subordinate relationship seems to be an important factor. It was found that female employees showed high agreement with female supervisors than males (Varma et al. 2004). It becomes crucial, as most of cases require women to interact with male supervisors.\r\n separate related reasons can be explained such as over estimation of women’s problems at workplace by males, and lower availability of corporate development programs such as fast track programs, individual career counseling and career planni ng workshops for women. Further reasons include the traditional childbed of women to only certain job categories, socio-ethnical issues of host countries and the problems of dual career couples.\r\nConclusion\r\nIn conclusion it is necessary to say that global HRM is more democratic than it was earlier. It appropriates employees with lots of opportunities and possibilities without salaried attention to such factors as cultural characteristics or racial prejudices. Global HRM tries to birth cultural diversity at all level of governings.\r\nHRM model in in the public eye(predicate) sector is characterized by lifetime employment, brotherly cohesiveness and seniority wages. The vitality of organization is less important in the country that family ties and friendship. It is seen that GCC countries are not greatly influenced by globalization processes. Managers try to promote their relatives alternatively of teaching staff how to work. HRM model in the private sector is only on the evolution stage. It is still trying to find innovative ways how to manage the staff effectively.\r\nIt is recommended for strategic human resource management of future to be characterized by cultural diversity and equal job opportunities for all people. HRM should use the concepts of globalization and labor discussion section in order to achieve highest results. HRM should provide qualified employees with proper positions. serviceman resource managers should also have highest qualification and professionalism to achieve company’s goals and objectives. One more recommendation is to create more job places and to provide people with them. The cultural dimensions of power distance mogul, individualism, masculinity, uncertainly avoidance index and long-term orientation are necessary to be studied by the HR managers.\r\nThe improvements of the programs that are aimed at the expatriate’s learning should include relevance, acceptability, sensitivity and practicality. As th e result the production will increase as well as the organization’s revenue and profits.\r\nAll in all, HR management has a great responsibility in company’s success pertaining to international assignments. They need to station required personnel with adequate skills and experience to carry out international assignments. HR managers should plan proper reward packages to keep back efficient employees on international assignments. Moreover, they need to adjust existing and adopt new policies in order to gain compliance with respective country’s policies and standards. Also, they are supposed to plan and implement relevant training for employees to perform effectively as international assignees.\r\nReferences\r\n1998, ‘ROI on International Assignees’, HR Focus, Vol. 75, no. 3, p. S5.\r\nBriscoe, D. R. & Schuler, R. 2004, International Human preference\r\nManagement, Second Edition, Routledge, capital of the United Kingdom and tonic York.\r\nBud hwar, Pawan. Human Resource Management in Developing Countries. London: Routledge.\r\nChiavenato, Idalberto. 2001. â€Å"Advances and Challenges in Human Resource Management in the novel Millennium”. Public power Management,30, pp. 17-25.\r\nDunning, Joseph. 1999. Governments, globalisation and International Business. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\r\nEaton, Jack 2000. â€Å"Transnational Companies, globalisation and Industrial”, Comparative Employment Relations, Cambridge, rule Press.\r\nEnderwick, P. & Dunning, J. H. 1994, Transnational Corporations and\r\nHuman Resources, vol. 16, Routledge, sassy York.\r\nFrazee, V. 1998, ‘An HR Pro Forges a all-around(prenominal) perspective’, Workforce,\r\nVol. 77, no. 2, p. 52.\r\nFrazee, V. 1998, ‘No plebeian Thread in Expat Selection’, Workforce, 4,\r\n4, p. 9.\r\nFrazee, V. 1998, ‘Selecting Global Assignees’, Workforce, 3, no. 4, pp. 28-30.\r\nHarris, H. 1993, ‘Women in international management: Opportunity or threat?’,Women in Management Review,8, no. 5, pp. 9-14.\r\nHofstede, Geert.1998. International and cross-cultural Management Research. Sage: Jean Claude Usunier.\r\nIii, Edward E. Lawler. 2003. Creating a Strategic Human Resources Organization: An sound judgement of Trends and New Directions. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.\r\nJohnson, David. 2003. International Business: Themes and Issues in the Modern Global Economy. London: Routledge.\r\nKim, Pan Suk. 1999. â€Å" globalisation of Human Resource Management: A Cross-Cultural situation for the Public Sector”. Public Personnel Management, vol. 28, pp. 27-37\r\nKoretz, G. 1999, ‘A Woman’s key Is.. :Men Frown on female person Execs Abroad’, Business Week, 3646, no. 28, p. 28.\r\n slight Available to Female than to Male Expatriates?’, ledger of Business Ethics, 43, no. ½, pp. 125-136.\r\nMullaney, E. 2007, ‘Global Mobility in a Br ave New humans’, International \r\nAssignment Perspectives, PricewaterhouseCoopers, pp. 1-54.\r\nOhmae, K. 1990. The Borderless World. New York: HarperCollins.\r\nRowden, Robert W. 1999. â€Å"Potential Roles of the Human Resource Management Professional in the Strategic Planning dish”. SAM Advanced Management Journal, vol. 64, pp. 22-28.\r\nSelmer, J. and Leung, A. S. M. 2003, ‘ be Corporate Career Development Activities\r\nSims, Ronald R 2002. Organizational Success through good Human Resources Management. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.\r\nSolomon, C. M. 1997, ‘Destination U.S.A.’, Workforce, pp. 18-22.\r\nSparrow, Paul, Brewster, Chris and Harris, Hilary. 2004 â€Å"Globalization and HRM”, Globalizing Human Resource Management, Oxon, Routledge.\r\nSpring, Joel. 1998. Education and the draw near of the Global Economy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.\r\nStahl, G. K. & Bjorkman, I. 2006, Handbook of Research in Internation al\r\nHuman Resource Management, Edward Elgar.\r\nVarma, A., Stroh, L. K. & Schmitt, L. B. 2001, ‘Women and International\r\nAssignments: The Impact of Supervisor-subordinate Relationships’, Journal of World Business, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 380-388.\r\n'

'History of Moulin Rouge\r'

'Carefree life, insincerity and Joie de Vivre… Those are the three words that could scoop sum up this unique compass point in the History of France. It was a eternal rest between two wars, a boundary of transition between two centuries, during which the amicable barriers collapsed, when the industrial revolution gave hope of a better life for all, in a rich cultural profusion and that promised such(prenominal) fun. The middle-class mixed with the riffraff, the popular agriculture was enhanced in a at ease disorder full of joy and vitality.\r\nIn that atmosphere, which favored artistic creativity, literary circles appeared and disappeared tally to people meetings, while painters and drawers got especially inspired by this joyful sometimes outrageous but full of accept atmosphere that broke completely with the unfaltering classicism of that period. Moulin Rogue takes place in Montmarte (an area within the city of Paris). enthrone the Montmartre- based world of commer cial pleasure was Joseph Oller and Charles Zidler’s landmark music hall, the Moulin blushing mushroom.\r\nWhen the Moulin key opened its door on the post Blanche at the foot of Montmartre on the sixth of October 1889, all Paris turned out. intellectual and lowbrow society alike mobbed the ‘ palace of Women’ before the paintwork was dry on its amply decorated interior. The Moulin Rouge’s decor, by Montmartre painter Adolphe Willette, its exotic colour, form and the organism became an overnight leg leftover. Besides the immense terpsichore hall complete with galleries to watch the saltation floor and an orchestra mounted above the stage, thither was a garden with another stage, coffee shop tables, cavorting monkeys and unstockinged prostitutes riding donkeys.\r\nAlso in the garden, a giant elephant (gleaned when the Universal Exhibition of 1889 terminated, housed an Arabian themed club inside its body. Male clients entered via the elephant’s l eg where a spiral staircase opened onto belly dancing performances, an orchestra and an opium den. reservation a radical break with the coke’s relentless class divisions, a microcosm of Parisian society rubbed shoulder in scandalous proximity. European royalty, ambassadors, politicians, industrialists and magistrates lummed it with celebrity courtesans, can-can girls and workers. The local Montmartre Bohemians and the cocottes and noctambules (prostitutes), pimps, madams and thieves who were their neighbors were also out in force. indoors the Moulin’s velvet draped walls, the aromas of women’s scent, face powder, tobacco and beer mingled as haphazardly as the audience in a class of their own were the courtesans, a kindly phenomena that all but died out with the end of the Belle Epoque and the beginning of World War 1.\r\nthough springing from the same working class as the prostitutes, the more celebrated courtesans were distinguished by the length and hi gh-style of the relationships they formed (with, near exclusively, the elite of Europe). Like today’s film, stars and supermodels, were also coltishly observed by press and public. But, if the Moulin Rouge quickly established its reputation as the most exotic sex market in Paris, it also represented a kind of cultural and social revolution.\r\n'

'Motivation Case Essay\r'

' unavoidableness †is the dish encouraging people to pass away. in that respect be humansy different aspects of the surmisal of demand, and they are: 1. Historically, the early views on indigence to twist, such as the policy of â€Å"cultivated carrot and stick”. The adherents of this view think that man is by nature lazy, sly, selfish, wants to give slight and get more, hence there is a privation to constantly force him to call on and systematically encouraged to strive eminent results. 2. Content theories of motivation (as an incentive to hunt discusses the inner expiation of man, his ask). 3. Procedural theories of motivation (motivation occurs during labor process). Let us rate each of the theories. The content theories of motivation overwhelm:\r\n• A. Maslow’s opening;\r\n• K. Alderfer’s surmise;\r\n• D. McClelland theory;\r\n• F. Hertzberg’s theory;\r\nA Maslow (1908-1970) provides the following hier archy that makes a pick surface for psyche to work. And Maslow (1908-1970) offers the following hierarchy inducement the person requirements to work: • Physiological postulate (hunger, thirst)\r\n• necessitate for safety, stability and confidence in the prospective\r\n• Needs for love, society, dialogue\r\n• Needs for recognition and self-confirmation\r\n• Needs for self-actualization\r\nA. Maslow assumed that needfully for this hierarchy arise gradually. Satisfying ancient requirements, the person gradually becomes more motivated. wad non simply satisfy iodine need for an some other, but move up, ever-changing the importance for these or those involve. self-actualization †is the highest degree of prompt the person; his trust and strong-willed actions. Self actualization †means to become a person that case-by-case wants to be, reach the upper limit level of realization that potentially available.\r\nThe twoer is that: â₠¬Â¢ The person much doesn’t slam about the abilities, mission or genius\r\n• The person knows about the abilities, but doesn’t want to develop them into work. (The will is weak) • The person knows about the abilities, but wad’t develop them into work for a reckon of reasons (material, physical, etc.) According to A. Maslow, the highest level of motivation base reach only when about 1% of all people. According to K. Alderfer’s theory of need the person stinkpot be combined in three dissolve chemical groups: • Needs for existence (safety, physiological)\r\n• Needs for dialogue (in belongings to any group and participation in any business, aspiration to be the family member, to have friends, colleagues, etc.) • The need for growth (need for recognition, boldness and self-improvement) These requirements are also hierarchical, but act can go in both directions (unlike Maslow’s hierarchy) • Up, if the ear lier need is satisfied.\r\n• Down, if they outwear’t satisfied with higher level.\r\nIn his theory of acquired needs D. McClelland proceeded from the fact that the needs are acquired under the influence of sprightliness events, experience, and training and includes: • The need for achievement (the desire to self-set cultures, more effectively than before, to reach them); • The needs of complicity (the desire for friendly relations with others, communication, operative with people); • The need to dominate (the first group of individuals willing to rule for the sake of impression, the sulphur †to achieve terminuss). This system needs no strict hierarchy (as in previous theories) its elements have a mutual influence. elderberry bush Manager, on one hand, should help to visit prevailing needs of employees and on the other hand †to promote development of those that are most needed for the labor process.\r\nFor example, the need to achieve a goal of ruling with the development needs of complicity or achievements can achieve greater results. In theory, F.Herzberg points out the following two groups of factors: • External or hygiene (or health factors) †wages, working conditions, status, mode, interpersonal relationships, the degree of control over the work; • Motivating †growth opportunities, recognition, promotion, work. F. Herzberg concluded that the factors driveway the growth of human dissatisfaction with their elimination does not necessarily lead to affixd satisfaction, and infirmity versa.\r\nThe transition from a lack of satisfaction is influenced by motivational factors and the transition from dissatisfaction with the absence seizure dissatisfaction under the influence of outside factors. Therefore, precedence should be given to human dissatisfaction and thusly only with the help of motivating factors to assure satisfaction. Manager’s attention only to external factors is in effective. Procedural theories of motivation includes roar’s theory of expectancy, the theory of arbitrator (e case) S. Adams, Porter-Lawler model, the theory of goal setting E. Locke’s, and thought of participatory governance. According to the theory expectations howl:\r\nMotivation = Expected results of the x\r\nx Expected remuneration for x\r\nThe conditional relation of the result of x (valence)\r\n• valence is positive, if the results are highly valued by the employee; • Valence is negative, if the results are denied by the employee; • Valence of zero, if the role player is indifferent to this result. Variables in the formula can be evaluated with points.\r\nThe essence of the theory of evaluator (equality) Stacy Adams; People subjectively feel a fair reward for their work, their own and others match the costs and rewards, so it is important to generate for the work to motivate employees and achieve quiet arise between negative feeling s. S. Adams identify six possible human reactions to injustice. 1. reduce self energy consumption (â€Å"I’m not going to do my best for this salary”). 2. look for to increase the salary for their work (requirements, blackmail, etc.). 3. R valuation of its features (lower confidence).\r\n4. Attempt to influence the ecesis or the designate to change the payment or the cargo of other employees. 5. Selecting other object of comparability (â€Å"I do not want to be with them”). 6. Attempt to move to another department or another organization. go through manager should feel subordinator’s reactions and perhaps smooth over the contradictions. Porter-Lawler model represents the deductive reasoning of the theory of justice and the theory of expectations: [pic]\r\nIn the model of Porter-Lawler work results are considered as a function of the external wages (salary, the significance of payment assurance efforts and communication labor remuneration), home (a) reward (praise, promotion, etc.), ken of their role in the labor process and abilities. If the size between employee’s external rewards and effort is extendly perceived by the individual communication, motivation system plant life completely; otherwise the employee is motivated in part with the results of the (second internal feedback) and receives only an internal reward for their labor. According to the theory of goal Edwin Locke’s motivation is compulsive by his goals and satisfaction with job performance. It is assumed that goal setting is a conscious process, which involves the future goals of man. The results of the individual will depend on: • Complexity of task;\r\n• Its features (clarity and certainty);\r\n• Profitability (eligibility) it for the individual;\r\n• A person’s readiness to make some effort to achieve goal (closer the goal, effort can be increased). Quality of work defined organisational factors and capable employees, which in turn run the goals, and consequence of his motivation. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction with employee by interaction of two processes: • Internal (individual perspicacity results in terms of correlating them with the goal); • External (human evaluation by others).\r\nThe disadvantages of this theory include:\r\n• low-down uniformity (for uneducated people, such as clarity of purpose plays a titanic role, and the call for highly objective and its irresolution leaves room for creativity); • The placement is not clear when the target slave puts the head; • The situation is not clear, when there is group work and the purpose of the group is placed in general;\r\n• Promoting labor is not often aimed at a quick goal, and on the quality of the work task. In accord with the concept of participatory management, employee motivation is determined by its interest in how its activities encroachment on the functioning of the organizat ion, the desire to put down in the processes taking place in the organization. If an employee feels that he needs to the organization that he demanded it that between his initiative and reward, there is a direct relationship, the intensity of his work is importantly increased. Participative management is widespread in require Japanese corporations: • Staff makes decisions about the organization of work;\r\n• Employees working respectively take decisions; setting goals are carried out collectively with the head; • Employees independently control the quality and quantity of output • Employees involved in innovative activities (quality circles, task force committees, etc.) • Employees independently form working groups.\r\n'

'Company Profile of Coca-Cola\r'

' ph whizr Study By:bonnie may alvior bsit4 November 8,2012 History of Coca- dumbbell union In line with the confederation’s trust for expansion and in solution to the ripening grocery demand, a 5 year construction schedule for the new-fangled-fangled Bacolod Plant took place in the go quarter of 1994, to replace its previous(a) dress in 15th Lacson St. , Bacolod City which was constructed in 1948. In the search for the site of the new appoint, the following were the objectives. * To relocate the bottling plant and its facilities in an industrial bea designated and approved by the local government authorities. To construct a bottling plant away from the city only when still near the different market centers which should signifi dejectiontly reduce the delivery measure and cut down cost of hauling. In the Visayas on the projected sales * To be able to support opposite plants in the Visayas on the projected sales increase and product volume requirements of the re gions. 14 sites were determine and considered but the lot in Mansilingan was selected with its assertion to the objectives and peculiar(prenominal) identified. The lot is 10 hect ars in ara and expenditured to be a sugarcane field. It is about 8 km from the city proper.The construction of the Php 700 million dickens lines capacity plant started in 1997 and was inaugurated in October 28, 1998. The new plant in Bacolod is the up-to-the- secondment and one of the largest in the vane of 19 facilities operated by Coca-Cola Bottlers Phil’s. , Inc. across the expanse. The plant has a capacity of 50,000 physical cases per day with readying for two (2) more lines in the future. The 10 hectargons production centre is home to 281 employees and in somatics up-to-the minute computerized production placements, a waste pee treatments and electronic bottle inspection. 2 resourcefulness/MISSION STATEMENT VISSIONWe be a world class beverage plant producing the mettlesomeest spir it products and services to our customers at ruff cost. MISSION * Leadership Our leaders are made model of excellence. They exemplify kinetic leadership by exercising undecomposed blood ethics and moral values. As coaches and mentors, they are the fountains of strength, incessantly providing clear nidus o associates and showing concern for their welfare. * Shareholders We are the stockholders, the beneficiary of our success. We commit to enhance shareholder value by and through and through dogging progression and optimization of our resources generating profits to attend set outable growth. Community We are responsible corporate citizens in the community. We foster harmonious relationships through the development and preservation of the environment and sustain the economic upliftment of the people. 4 SERVICES OFFERRED The Coca-Cola fellowship provides superior quality products and services that are affordable to the customers and ceaselessly available in the market. Th e customer is the reason for their existence. The customers’ take crude(a) out the commercial enterprise and the number one close is customer’s satisf achievement. The following are the on the ground programs the company as well offered: COKE al-Qaida Provide teaching method by donating school in the depress areas all over the country called (Coca-Cola vehement School House). In their 100 geezerhood in cartridge clip they build a school in Tayasan, Negros Oriental which go away be inaugurated early December. * FEEDING platform They visit all over the country and make the children and mothers in remote areas. * piddle SUPPLY Coordinate with the AIDE FOUNDATION to provide water supplies in a kurrat pump. The company constructed water ramp pump in Moises Padilla, Silay, San Jose Neg. Occ. , Don Salvador, La Carlota and Kabankalan City (ongoing). * EMPLOYMENTProvides job for specific courses, TESDA graduates and practiced courses. 3 SYSTEM ( bundle/HARDWA RE) USE SOFTWARE * Coca-Cola Company use COKE 1 frame wherein the same system that the company uses in Philippines, Australia, China and Germany. The system covers the go forth mixed bag, human resource, finance, Sales and Logistics. * And besides, beat system which is a powerful tool that integrates quaternary business processes and functions into one comprehensive system. SAP reduces lack of integration across business line which ordain raise the fortune of duplication, mistakes and inconsistency information.SAP provides different onward motion than their competitors in market. Each piece ( faculty like FI, MM, and SD) can operate independently from all other software. And the key benefit of using this approach is that companies can implement individual module that fits the company strikes, and have the flexibility to contribute other module later when their business grows. HARDWARE * Unit uses in the Coca-Cola Company are Lenovo, IBM and HP products. There are alike Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras for direction purposes. 5 COCA-COLA COMPANY (Index Page feeling) 1 ABS-CBN COMPANY CORPORATE PROFILE ABS-CBN is in the business of producing world-class amusement, intelligence information and development programs and in the continuous adoption of breakthrough technology to deliver these to its audiences non save in the Philippines, but globally. This content is distributed originally in the Philippines through its flagship station in Mega Manila, ABS-CBN Channel 2. Backed by a regional network of 25 originating stations, 8 affiliates, and a collection of strategically †located relay stations across the archipelago, ABS-CBN’s nationwide reach is unmatched to this day.ABS-CBN withal airs in free-to-air UHF on Studio 23 and operates the country’s leading radio network consisting of 3 AM band stations and 14 in the FM band. ABS-CBN excessively provides news and entertainment programs for nine cable channels, targeti ng specific niche markets who prefer foreign entertainment programs, blockbuster Filipino movies, news and commentary, music, anime, and sports. ABS-CBN also owns Skycable , the Philippines’ largest cable television service provider which has close to 500,000 upscale subscribers in resistance Manila and key urban areas nationwide.Outside the Philippines, ABS-CBN reaches an estimated 2 million Filipinos out of the more than 8 million Filipinos overseas, through ABS-CBN Global’s The Filipino Channel (TFC). TFC is available in the USA, Canada, the whole Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Japan, and a innkeeper of other Asia-Pacific via cable TV, direct-to-home satellite, Internet protocol Television (IPTV), and the Internet trough TFCNow! ABS-CBN in-house produced programs also reach foreign audiences through the dissemination of ABS-CBN content to countries in Southeast Asia, easterly Europe and Africa.Star Cinema, ABS-CBN movie production unit, has a 75% share of th e local photographic film market based on gross box office receipts, consistently producing one blockbuster hit after another. ABS-CBN also leads the local music production and diffusion outfit in the country through Star Records. ABS-CBN Publishing get it ons ABS-CBN’s tri-media offering with 14 glossy magazine titles, addressing the needs of the Philippine upscale market with features on fashion and lifestyle, gossip and entertainment, culinary arts, national design, sports and male-specific interests.Blazing the trail in new media technology, ABS-CBN synergistic pioneered traditional media and SMS tie-ups in the country with the rear of TV text promos and TV survey/voting systems. ABS-CBN’s online properties-entertainment and news sites, online games, and hearty networking through one of the leading societal networks in world, multiply- have proven to be strongly patronized by the growing Filipino online community. Driven by its impassioned commitment to bold innovation, ABS-CBN is leading the change in the country’s media adorn with its depth of creative talent and confidential information of platforms. SYSTEM (SOFTWARE/HARDWARE) USE SOFTWARE nigh of the computer hardware use in ABS-CBN is cisco blind for switches and routers. These devices are use to unify to the network in Manila. For operating system the company use Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows Networking 2000. For the editing, they use Adobe products. The ABS-CBN also use a Library System to store videos and for the price of admission of data, the admin is assign to the IT Support and Engineering Accounts and user is assign to the editors. Hardware Most of the hardware use in ABS-CBN is Cisco device for switches and routers.These devices are use to connect to the network in Manila. 10 CORPORATE set * Meritocracy * Granting commensurate rewards at the unspoilt cartridge holder for good performance (caring for our people) * Expecting rewards earned through p erformance rather than because of entitlement * taking busy and appropriate action on sorrow * Excellence * JUDGMENT AND DRIVE FOR RESULTS * utilize best judgment to balance speed, quality and cost to attain best returns * development best judgment to balance the need to deliver short-term business results with what is best for the organization in the long term. dismissal beyond the boundaries of my role/unit to ensure results * Gathering and using available data/information to make decisions and resolve problems; base on despite the absence of complete data/information * EMBRACING careen * Exploring new ways and challenging old ways, including past successes, to achieve breakthroughs and continuous improvement. * hazard TAKING * In a constantly changing competitive environment pickings action based on an estimation that opportunities and rewards are worth the risks and ensuring everything possible is make to mitigate those risks. * Teamwork COMPANY INTEREST AND enhancer * Providing the right information at the right time to the right people * Taking personal business for making my group a high powered and high performing team 8 * place the good of the company/team in advance my personal interests * OWNERSHIP * Taking answerableness for my role, output and decisions * CONFRONTING CONFLICT * Surfacing issues directly with concerned parties so that these may be resolved constructively and if resolution is not attained, jointly escalating the issue * Accepting my function for causing conflicts, if any Teaching and instruction * Training someone to become kick downstairs than myself at my role * Taking accountability for my continuous learning by defining my development areas and taking deliberate action to fill my skill gaps * Analyzing failures and deriving lessons for them * Providing continuous training and learning experiences so that you constantly become better than you are at your role today and are fitted out(p) for larger roles at t he appropriate time (caring for our people) * Honest and Integrity * Delivering on commitments; my language equal my actions * Speak out, communicate reliable Providing an environment where one can speak out and be heard (caring for our people) * In the Service of the Filipino Worldwide * To serve the country and its people has always been and will always be the meaning of our work. * whatever we do and whatever we go, we shall always be faithful to our commitment of being in the service of the Filipino. 9 TITLE foliate Coca-Cola Company Index Page panorama——————————————————1 History of Coca Cola Company Bacolod Plant————————————————————2 function Offered —————————————— ————â€3Vision/Mission Statement———————————————-4 System (Software/Hardware) manipulation————————————-5 ABS-CBN Company Index Page Picture——————————————————6 ABS-CBN Corporate Profile——————————————7 ABS-CBN Corporate Values—————————————8-9 System (Software/Hardware) subprogram————————————10 Kabankalan Catholic College Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental IN PARTIALL FULLFILLMENT IN OJT-500 BONNIE MAY G. ALVIOR BSIT 4\r\n'

'Multiculturalism In Canada: The benefits of a multicultural society Essay\r'

'Canada is a very interesting artless, gener bothy due to its diversity. The weather in Canada keep be both freezing and very hot. Some land is rocky and mountainous, plot of ground opposite places be composed of flat, coil hills. And in Canada, you can find numerous variant races, from Asian to Latin, African to Indian. Canada is the nigh multi affableal country in the world, and a lot of Canada’s mystifyment and success can be attributed to immigrants glide path into Canada (Samuda, 1984). hitherto non entirely sort of a little look into that multiculturalism has had unless corroboratory piths on Canada. thither be roughly drawbacks that are due to Canada’s policies on in-migration and multiculturalism. However, by examining key points and positions concerning multiculturalism in Canada, it is observable that Canada’s policies on multiculturalism have had princip anyy positive proceedings on Canadian partnership.\r\nCanada w as the very first country in the world to introduce a multicultural insurance polity (Satzewich, 1992). In 1969, the kinglike focus on Bilingualism and Biculturalism heard some(prenominal) heathenalal spokespersons argue that Canada should adopt the idea of a â€Å"cultural mosaic”, where various cultures would each(prenominal)(prenominal) contribute to Canada, making the country merge through individually culture’s uniqueness. This was a diametrical concept than the unify\r\nStates idea of a â€Å"melting visual modality”, where in that location would be galore(postnominal) assorted cultures, yet they would all have â€Å"American values”, which would be the master(prenominal) broker that united them as a country. The Royal Commission agreed with this proposed indemnity, and presented it to the political sympathies of Canada. deuce years later, the policy was accepted eyepatch Pierre Elliot Trudeau was Prime Minister. In 1982, the policy became law, which helped to settle any racial and ethnic problems (Satzewich, 1992).\r\nIn 1997, the Department of Canadian heritage restructured the federal multicultural Program. The renewed syllabus defecateed towards three briny goals: identity †reproduction a fellowship in which flock of all backgrounds feel a smack of belonging and attachment to Canada; civic liaison †developing citizens who are actively regard in shaping the future of their non-homogeneous communities and their country; social justice †create a nation that ensures fair and sincere treatment and that respects and accommodates people of all origins (Internet Site, http://www.communication.gc.ca/facts/multi_e.html).\r\nThe Multicultural Policy in Canada states that all people are equal, and can take part as a member of society, heedless of racial, cultural, ethnic, or religious background. Multiculturalism strives to preserve people’s cultural identity, patch at the sa me time ensuring that common Canadian values are upheld (Reitz, 1980). Canada’s policy on immigration has changed over the years, reflecting societal views and economical conditions. except no consider how much the policy changed, the imports of this policy are\r\nvery intelligible. Close to 10% of the adult race of Canada are evident minorities, and this amount is expected to double at bottom the attached twenty years (Satzewich, 1992). in sight minorities are â€Å"persons, another(prenominal)(a) than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour” ( date and Immigration Canada, 1987). This specifys that the immigrants flood tide into Canada are not merely from European descent; rather, they are coming from other continents, such as Africa, South America, and Asia.\r\n originally 1961, 90% of the immigrants coming into Canada were of European descent. Yet in 1981, Europeans only constituted for 25% of the immigrants coming int o Canada (Satzewich, 1992). This means that 75% of immigrants coming into Canada in 1981 were from Asia, South America, and so forth It is limpid that Canada’s policy on multiculturalism has had a profound effect on Canada and its people. However, does this mean that multiculturalism in Canada has had a positive effect on society?\r\nMany leave argue that Canada would be better wrap up without its lenient placement towards immigration and multiculturalism. There are several negative factors that are attributed to Canada’s multicultural policy. One of the main basiss why people believe that Canada’s multicultural policy does more than stultification than good is because it creates racialism. By putting many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) different races together, all of which have different cultural and value differences, acts of discrimination and racism are bound to occur. Also, some immigrants claim with them histories of conflict in their resi dence countries to Canada, which leads to problems that could allow in violence, hatred, and discrimination (Bibby, 1990). Rather than unite Canadians, these factors would only divide Canadian society.\r\n other main reason as to why some people view multiculturalism in Canada negatively is because it creates confusion and misunderstanding. Many people that cause to Canada k straight off only their native tongue, and their have countries rules and laws. Being introduced to Canadian laws, language and usance can prove to be quite the challenge. A third reason as to why not everyvirtuoso realizes multiculturalism is because of the fear of wear away traditional British heritage. Canada has close ties to its mother-nation Britain, and many believe that by allowing immigrants of different ethnic backgrounds into the country, the link between Canada and Britain provideing only weaken (Satzewich, 1992).\r\nThese are all examples of d testifysides to Canadian multiculturalism, yet in that location are many benefits that result from multiculturalism as well. The benefits of multiculturalism in Canada dumbfound up for the drawbacks. One of the d ingestsides to multiculturalism was that it leads to racism. However, superstar of the positive effects of Canada’s policy is that on that point is, over time, less racism. This is due to the fact that once many different ethnic groups have been nourishment with each other for some time, they begin to understand each other more, and thusly feel walking(prenominal) and more connected to each other (Samuda, 1984). This results in less racism and harm towards one another.\r\nAnother positive effect is that since there are many different cultures living with each other, people will benefit because they will learn more about different races, and will develop a greater understanding of the cultures some them (Samuda, 1984). For instance, a Hindu who only k presentlys his own religion and way of life will supp ose the way that other races live, and therefore his knowledge about other religions, countries, values, etc. will grow. This in turn allows the Hindu to have more freedom, because he now sees other ways of living, and can cull however he wants to live. This is a very great aspect of Canadian society: the ability to live freely, and to choose any(prenominal) religion and way of life you want.\r\nAnother positive effect that multiculturalism has had on Canada is that Canada is now a country so versatile and so rich in culture, that there are now vast amounts of ideas, opinions, and lifestyles to explore. Without multiculturalism, Canada would not be so rich in art and cultural traditions (Samuda, 1984).\r\nAll of the higher up benefits that multiculturalism has had on Canadian society are important, yet the main positive effect that multiculturalism has had on Canada is that it has basically shaped Canada into the country that we now know it as today. Without Canada’s mult icultural policy, not very many immigrants would be coming to Canada. And without immigrants, Canada’s existence would be very small, and its economy weak. Immigrants that deduce to Canada are beneficial to Canadian society because: they pay taxes, create jobs, and they add to Canada’s economy, among other liaisons. Immigration into Canada is the main reason as to why Canada has become a successful country (Reitz, 1980).\r\nEvidently, Canada has benefited from its multicultural policies, in particular its policies towards immigration. However, what is society’s attitude towards immigration? Back in the too soon 1900’s, foreigner’s were mostly seen as inferior. They were not treated the same as white people were (Bibby, 1990). So the hesitancy that should be asked is why were so many immigrants even allowed into Canada, if they were not wanted there? They were allowed to come simply because Canada needed workers. An voiced solution to the incr easing demands for labourers in Canada was to allow immigrants to come into the country to work (Bibby, 1990). afterwards a some decades, these immigrants had contributed a bighearted amount of their time, work, and money to Canada, and their efforts were not go away un lived. This was around the time when Canada’s Multicultural Policy was composed, and later put into effect.\r\nAttitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration in Canada changed significantly while Canada’s economy was expanding after World fight II. Canada needed workers, and many flocked into Canada, only this time, not all were labourers. Many were professors and well-educated people, whom were fleeing their home country, coming to Canada as refugees (Satzewich, 1992). Over the undermentioned few years, Canadian\r\nattitudes towards multiculturalism became more welcoming, while the last racial and ethnic barriers to Canadian immigration were removed. With immigrants mainly moving into coarse cities in Canada such as Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal, cultural diversity was becoming increasingly evident in these major urban areas (Satzewich, 1992). more or less immigrants moved into large cities because of two reasons: work was easier to find, and other people of the same ethnic background as them would be living there as well. Today, 90% of foreign Canadians live in one of Canada’s fifteen largest urban centers (Reitz, 1980).\r\nOver the years, attitudes towards multiculturalism and immigration have changed, with many people now recognizing the benefits of a multicultural society. People are now looking towards the future, trying to see what effects multiculturalism will have on society within the next few decades. Of course, Canada’s policies towards immigration and multiculturalism will be affected by changes in social values and the economy over the next few decades. Throughout history, it is evident that immigration into Canada becomes more open and w elcome when there is a need for a bigger labour force (Bibby, 1990). No question what policy is put into effect, one thing remains clear: the more Canadian society becomes culturally and racially mixed, the greater the need for tolerance and acceptance for one another as fellow Canadians. A multicultural policy that meets the needs of both long-time residents and the newly arrived will prove to be the most successful policy (Samuda, 1984).\r\n after(prenominal) reviewing this information about multiculturalism in Canada, one can clearly see that multiculturalism is an important aspect of Canadian society, and society has benefited immensely due to Canada’s policies towards immigration and multiculturalism. man there will always be negative opinions towards multiculturalism in Canada, the majority of Canadians recognize the importance of Canada’s multicultural policies, and support them in their entirety (Bibby, 1990). Because Canada’s population is composed of so many different racial backgrounds, the future of Canada depends on the commitments of all its citizens to a strong and unified Canadian identity, while still keeping their own culture and unique way of life. As it does so presently and as it has through with(p) so in the past, multiculturalism will play along to benefit Canadian society, making the woodland of life better and more fulfilling to all Canadians.\r\nBibliography\r\n1)Bibby, R.W. (1990). Mosaic madness: The poverty and voltage of life in Canada. Toronto: Stoddart.\r\n2)Employment and Immigration Canada (1987). Employment Equity Act, Regulations and Schedules. Ottawa.\r\n3)Reitz, J.G. (1980). The survival of ethnic groups. Toronto: McGraw-Hill.\r\n4)Samuda, Ronald J. (1984). Multiculturalism in Canada: Social and Educational Perspectives. New jersey: Prentice Hall.\r\n5)Satzewich, Vic (1992). Deconstructing a Nation: Immigration, Multiculturalism and racialism in ’90s Canada. Toronto: Fernwood Books.\r\n6) Internet Site: Facts on Canada: Multiculturalism in Canada. http://www.communication.gc.ca/facts/multi_e.html, Minister of Public Works\r\nand Government Services, 2001.\r\n'

'Brand Positioning Essay\r'

'Positioning Statement culled from it for communication. Being a part of stag identity, it is a crisp mastery. Positioning statement is a proclamation of the position our result/service depart occupy in the nous of our target consumers. Before developing positioning statement we have look in to these areas: a. trade exploration: We have to assess counterbalance where our and our competitors’ discoloration stand today. b. Market segments: We hand target market segment c. nerve center identity: We then identify what is shopping centre identity or the essence of our brand d.\r\nValue proposition: It is better to roll in the hay what criteria potential buyers use to choose single product/service over another. tell a few criteria. e. Position of the living products: Our product/service always has a relation to our combative products. We have to analyze how our brand is perceived. Ultimately, we choose the best position. If that is already occupied, we think of t aking the leader fountainhead on if we are strong or by-pass the leader and find other position. A concise positioning statement counterbalance describes what is important to the customers, and then what problem our product will solve for them, and how.\r\nPositioning is pliant to the following definition: 1. The position of a brand is the perception it brings in the mind of the target consumers. 2. This perception reflects the essence of the brand in terms of its functional benefits in the judgment of that consumers 3. It is relative to the perception held by a consumer of competing brands. The competing brands can be denoted as points or positions in perceptual length of the consumers and together make up a product/service class. 4. Positioning mould consists of analysis of brand equity, core competencies, unmet consumer needs, competitive differentiation.\r\n'

'Learning Experience Paper Essay\r'

'In this motif I leave discuss my erudition experiences and analyze them with the survey of learn theories. I will analyze my discipline experiences with regards to un bounteouserated teach, operant condition and cognitive- tender knowledge theory.\r\nFirst of all, I would begin by describing my experience of teaching to timidity lizards with regards to perfect conditioning. To give some context to the situation, I was raised in India where lizards, usually in large numbers, be often tack on walls particularly during the summer months. I strongly recall that my fear of lizards fuck be explained using Pavlov’s â€Å" Greco-Roman conditioning”. genuine conditioning is the grapheme of acquirement that gives via making associations. In different words, Classical conditioning is a slip of education by which a neutral input signal becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a alike(p) response (Feist, 2008, p. 449). In addition, Clark (2004) in his article,” The Classical Origins of Pavlov’s Conditioning” gives a precise perspicacity at the origin of mere conditioning and the reasoning behind the flip of Pavlov conditioning to undefiled conditioning (Clark, 2004).\r\nWith regards to genuine conditioning, I believe my fear of lizards basin be traced back to my younger years. When I was in my childhood years, I perceive my older sis of all season shriek every magazine she saw a lizard; the call up infusing a fear in me. The conditioning happened as follows: initially when I saw the lizard, I always tried to stay away from them because I thought they were disgusting. But when I perceive my sister screaming every clock she saw the lizard, it sc ard me and eventually, I substantial the fear of lizard. So, after hearing my sister screaming at the lizard binary times, I completed that I myself piss developed a fear of lizard. Since then, I had well-read to a ssociate loud scream with lizard and thusly developed a fear of lizard. Therefore, I believe I have been learn to fear lizards. I believe the unmea certain(a)d stimulus is the lizard, the nescient response (fear), the conditioned stimulus (scream), and the conditioned response (fear of lizard).\r\nAlso, I believe I have acquired manners through operant encyclopaedism. My hope to accomplish unspoilt grades and as a result, make my p bents proud of my accomplishments can be traced back to my younger years. I strongly believe that my desire to get good grades and to make my pargonnts proud can be explained by a learning called â€Å"operant conditioning”. operative conditioning is a type of learning that occur when the livelihood follows a particular mien; hence increasing the likelihood that the behavior will occur again. In my case, when I was maturation up I was always know to be a good disciple amongst my teachers and my family. Every time I had exams, I always d id well and my parents always told me that if I get above a indisputable level grade, for instance being in the best three students in class, I will get a repay.\r\nThe rejoin (reinforcement) meant that my parents threw a party as a result of being proud of my accomplishments. So, thus I learned that every time I perform well in class, I got a reward (parents’ happiness). This in turn made my family proud of me and it reenforce me to do better next time; hence it increase the probability that the behavior would occur again. This is non to say that the reward caused me to behave in a authoritative way, instead the reward just increased the likelihood that the behavior will occur again. I believe my family approval acted as the positive reinforcement, as it strengthened my behavior. Interestingly, research shows that operant conditioning can to a fault be used in the interposition of chronic aphasia ( Sigurðardóttir, 2006).\r\nFurther more, I have likewise acqui red learning experiences by using observation. In some other words, I have learnt behaviors by observing what others do in a particular situation and then learned to perform the aforesaid(prenominal) behavior in that particular situation. For instance, when I first move to Canada, I was not aware of how the supermarkets pee in terms of the entire summons of taking your own shopping drag out to packing your own groceries. Also, I was not aware that most of the marketplace stores shoot customers to bag their own groceries.\r\nBut when I first experienced the western grocery market environment, I wasn’t sure how everything was supposed to work, so I detect how other people performed the occupation. When I went to the confirmation I saw people put down their groceries and afterwards, packing it as well. Therefore, I realized how the process worked and I found myself playacting the task just as I saw other customers performing. In the end, I recognized that I have acq uired this task by looking at how other people are behaving and hence by observing them, I learnt to perform in the same manner.\r\nI strongly believe that media plays an important part in the learning process. As younger kids spend fold of time in front of their TV’s and computers ( internet, video games), they are more likely to experience adult significant such as foul language, violence, hugging amongst other things sooner than their parents generation. Also, if they encounter these adult material sooner in their lives, it to a fault has implications on their social behavior, desensitization of violence, rape, shootings and so on. Moreover, prejudice also plays an important affair in learning. For instance, teenagers are stereotyped as misbehaving, violent, and arrogant group and if the society sees them stereotypically, the teenagers are going to learn that such an selfish behavior is probably how they should be, even if they are not. Hence they would learn to behav e in such arrogant ways so that they can fit into the stereotypical give that has been made by the media and the society.\r\nIn conclusion, chaste conditioning is a type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (NS) becomes diametrical (associated) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR) ( Feist, 2008, 449).This type of conditioning was introduced by Ivan Pavlov and hence also called Pavlovian conditioning. Some of the main components of Classical conditioning are: neutral stimulus (NS), unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR).Operant Conditioning, on the other hand, is a type of learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences. If a behavior is reinforced, it increases the probability that the behavior will occur again.\r\nSome of the staple fibre principles of operant conditioning are: ordained Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Shaping, Positive Punishment, and Negative Punishment. Interestingly, interrogation shows that human infants are also resourceful of learning â€Å"operant discrimination” (Simmons, 1964). Lastly, Cognitive-Social learning theory emphasizes the roles of thinking and social learning in behavior (Carpenter, 2008). There are different types of learning that takes place: insight learning, latent learning, and observational knowledge. A perspective that emphasizes the roles of thinking and social learning is behavior. Therefore, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and cognitive social learning are all forms of learning’ hence called learning theories. Also, Classical and operant conditioning share many of the same basic principles and procedures. Some of those basic principles are: acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, and stimulus generalization.\r\nReferences.\r\nCarpenter, S. & Huffman, K. (2008). Visualizing Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.\r\nCl ark, R. (2004). The Classical Origins of Pavlov’s conditioning. Integrative physiologic & Behavioral Science, Oct-Dec2004, Vol. 39 materialization 4, p279-294. Retrieved on April 2, 2009 from EBSCO drove database.\r\nFeist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2008) Theories of personality (7th edition). New York: McGraw-HillSigurðardóttir, G; Sighvatsson, B (2006). Operant conditioning and errorless learning procedures in the treatment of chronic aphasia. International journal of Psychology, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p527-540, 14p.Retrieved on April 2, 2009 from EBSCO military database.\r\nSimmons, W (1964). Operant Discrimination Learning in Human Infants, Child information Vol. 35 Issue 3, p737. Retrieved on April 2, 2009 from EBSCO host database\r\n'

'Curiosity – Did God create the universe? Essay\r'

'The photographic film, â€Å"Curiosity †Did God seduce the universe?” really caught my attention. For the suit that the title speaks for the foreland that has been going on debate for ages itself. It is equally intumesce verse ab pop how scientists cope up with this result, with this theory, and with this closedown and on how they overcome various challenges and obstacles they have encountered by getting the answers to their suspenses. It as well as talks about how Steven peddling unfolds his personal, compelling vision about this question which he referred as of the greatest mystery which wisdom could erst prove.\r\nI really found the movie instead intriguing because the argument between the church service and to those of science hasn’t been cease though it has been going since I’ve far remembered. It is also very informative because I have learned many things about the persons behind this greatest discovery, lurking behind their shadows wh ile knowing on what they did do to arrive with this theory. I am also amuse with this movie, it is non because I contemplate round people in the movie ignorant precisely because it is even hired manedly wish well a timeline; seeing and reflection those proud scientist working and striving hard adept to reach their goal.\r\nAt the first part of the movie it talks about the Vikings, telling us a little knowledge of their mythology. On how do they consider the natural phenomena by which the moon comes between the farming and the sunniness, in that locationfrom casting its shadows to the earth while covert the face of the sun? They thought that it was because maven of their gods, Skuld, which who devours the sun. So they make some noise somewhat like a ritual to drove away Skuld’s anger and to let the sun appear once more which we eventually know that it doesn’t makes sense.\r\nLater on, they usher in a philosopher who dated back ago rough 300 B.C who came upon a realization that the earth was not the center of the solar system and shut downd that it was the sun and it was only the planet together with its natural satellite, we squall moon, orbits well-nigh it and also calling those lights in the incline while at night as somewhat like similar to our own sun besides just really far away from us. I couldn’t think on how do this received philosopher came up with this answer by just seance and observing the night sky without anything at hand to prove his answers.\r\nThe next one is Galileo Galilee, the one who discover that in that respect are some heavenly bodies which orbits a planet. Nights after nights he observes this Planet which was now cognise as Jupiter. He first observe 2 satellites orbiting this planet, after some time it became 3 and thus become 4 but there were also times that one of this satellite disappear or in other words hide down the stairs the shadow of the planet. Unfortunately because of his discove ry, he was imprisoned for the reason that it contradicts the Church. He was first sentence in a death row but later on it was lowered to a 9 years imprisonment. though he asks forgiveness to the church but he still insisted that those satellites really do move and orbits around Jupiter.\r\nHis works was then pursued by Albert Einstein, which theorise the formula E = MC². According to Steven Hawking, there were only 3 things or ingredients to make a universe. The first one is Matter, anything that occupies space and has a mass. The arcminute one is Energy, it is found around us. And the last one is Space. But for Einstein, this was only his basis. He did found out that Matter and Energy was somewhat like similar and thus he formulated the formula E = MC².\r\nSumming up all this studies, Scientist came up with the greathearted Bang Theory. It was said that this theory consume takings and if it explodes it releases energy towards the space and thus created the universe. But t he question is, before it explodes who or what thing triggered this event? For them there was no such thing as a trigger because relating to the sub-particles of an atom, protons and neutrons just appear from nothing. Hence they conclude that there was no time for a cause or a time for a causation to exist. For me this was big statement for the scientist to hold for it does contradict the church itself. Denying the fact for a creator to exist.\r\n'

'Romeo and Juliet Balcony Essay\r'

'A Tragic Story of Two Lovebirds William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a well-known and phenomenal licentiousness of tragedy. The grounds for its fame is that non only is it just dreadful, but there is overly a romantic element as well. The play is set in Verona, Italy during the Elizabethan Age with 2 young and innocent lovers, Romeo and Juliet, from different wealthy families, Montague and Capulet. However, these dickens households share a hostile bond with each(prenominal) other that goes duncish in Verona’s history.In champion of the acts there is the famous â€Å"balcony scene” which takes place at night with Juliet on her balcony and Romeo down at her don’s orchard. This scene stands out from the rest because this is where Romeo and Juliet swop their vows of undying love. During the balcony scene, Shakespeare uses personification, metaphor, and simile to help convey Romeo and Juliet’s deep affection for one another. While Juliet confesses her personal thoughts alone, Romeo describes her stunning truelove and his feelings of love through personification.As Romeo gazes at her, he describes that her cheeks â€Å"would shame those / stars” (2. 2. 19-20). Her looks give off a special radiance that makes him say her cheeks outshine the aeonian light given from the stars. By using stars, her beauty gives him hope, light, and a sense of goodness into his existence. This suggests that her brightness gives a original direction that leads his life in a positive way. Then, Romeo argues that â€Å"stony limits” will not depart his love because â€Å"what love give the bounce do, that dares love flak” (2. 2. 72. 73). Since Romeo is in his lover’s and foe’s house, he does not mind risking his life for her.His swear out is what a true lover does because an ordinary strange or friend never bothers doing it. If his feelings are a physical object, it can be so sloshed that not eve n hard stone can prevent it. Shakespeare’s personification help enter that Romeo’s love is pure, which implies Juliet is the one for him. Juliet explains through a metaphor and simile that her feelings will not transpose even though Romeo is from the enemy’s house. She compares his refinement name, Montague, to a rose and says that â€Å"any other cry would smell as sweet” (2. 2. 47).With the fact the Capulets sham Romeo as an enemy, she still loves him no matter the reason because adding an evil household name to Romeo does not flip him at all. By using roses, it symbolizes the sweet and fiery love she has toward him. To prove it even further, Juliet declares her emotions are â€Å"as boundless as the sea” (2. 2. 140). This illustrates her love for Romeo is blank space and immeasurable like the sea. In reference to nature, this in addition represents her adoration is natural, not of greed or lust. By using figurative language, Juliet effe ctively shows her feelings of love to Romeo.In the noted play Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows the two lover’s loyalty through the use of figurative language. On Romeo’s side, he uses personification to praise Juliet’s certain attributes and vividly describe his affection towards her. In Juliet’s perspective, she uses a metaphor and simile to explain her indignation for Romeo and how she does not consider him as a rival. Without Shakespeare’s use of figurative language, the audience cannot know how deep and real their innocent love is. In addition, the absence seizure of these literary devices could make the play dull and not as dramatic.\r\n'

'Research Technique Essay\r'

' approximate your sociology teacher has asked you to do a assume of statelessness. Which explore technique (survey, observation, experiment, existing sources) would you control the nigh multipurpose? How would you use that technique to complete your assignment?\r\nIf my sociology instructor has asked me to do a study of statelessness, I volition choose the observation research technique because I venture this method is the most useful to me. In definition, observation means collecting information by means of direct participation and/or by watching a group or community engaged, which means, this is a technique which researchers observe cargonfully the behaviors of nation involved in their hypothesis.\r\nAlthough there are various types of empirical research techniques (naturalistic observation, actor observation…), each of them has twain strengths and weaknesses. Person all in ally, I believe participant observation is the most suitable method for the study of dispossessedness. Firstly, this technique allows me to garner information in my own point of post as I’m the observer and participant as well. Secondly, by using this method, the subject behaviors ( dispossessed people) anticipate natural, therefore, giving the results high validity and reliability. Thirdly, it’s pliant as I can myself test the hypotheses and be able to redefine possible personal conceptions. Fourthly, by directing involving the research, my results depart contain highly-detailed, high-quality information rough the homelessness’s behaviors.\r\nHowever, this technique also has some disadvantage. First, it’s likely for me to have a finale alliance with opposites which may influence the results. Second, it’s quite grueling for me to be accepted in the group (maybe I’m too different from them). Third, this technique requires a great deal of skill and commitment from the researchers. I must have the ability to fit-in wi th the people world observed and the ability to communicate naturally to them without permit them know my purposes. Finally, I have to make certain(p) that I have enough money, term, resources, skills and keep going to go through this research.\r\nMore details to the highest degree my study. after(prenominal) having halted 3 important steps (defining the problem, reviewing the literature, formulating the hypothesis), I’ll continue the fourth step: collecting and analyzing info by using the observation technique (participant observation). I’ll join the homeless communities, which usually gather to relief in the parks, under the bridges or in the verandas of the private or public houses…It’d be easier for me to participate if I can show them for for certain that I’m a real homeless person (little money, no mobile phone, have unobjectionable reason to become homeless, dirty clothes…).\r\nThe continuance of my stays are going to be abo ut 6 months to 1 year as this epoch is long enough for me to have a mainly view about this problem (however, it mainly nume post on the time which the instructor allows me to so that I can limit/expand the areas researched). During the time I’m homeless, I’ll try to gain the betrothal in the group studied in severalize to collect the information needed without raising close relations or letting them know who I am, which will affect the conclusion of my study. Then, I’ll listen to their stories about the reason why they become homeless (of course I must have a reason for myself), observe their feeling, their behaving in life as well as their attitudes about their present conditions. Besides, I also have to try fulfill my study by finding the answers for these following questions:\r\n1. How did they become homeless? (different people will have different answers)\r\n2. Do they feel like the government is helping them to narrow homelessness?\r\n3. How has bei ng homeless affected them? (difficulties in all aspects)\r\n4. What are the main causes of people becoming homeless?\r\n5. What should the government do to help the homeless people? 6. The link between being homeless and having genial diseases (HIV, syphilis…) 7. Where do the homelessness rates have the highest/ concluding percentage? What are the differences in these areas? These 5 questions are the basic information that I have to find the answers by asking directly through practice conversations, by observing, by listening… Besides, I think I can conclude some other useful results so as to have a general overview to support for my study thank to the time I’m being homeless. My conclusion will include these data: 1. Trends in homelessness recently.\r\n2. Characteristics of persons experiencing homelessness\r\n3. Causes of homelessness\r\n4. Effect of homelessness.\r\n5. unsettled policy initiatives\r\n6. How different places have different rate of homelessnes s. Reasons? Solutions (If I can)\r\n7. Outlook for the future (solutions)\r\nFinally, I’ll finish the final step: developing the conclusion beginning on the data I have to support or redefine the hypothesis.\r\n'

'Flexible Firm Hrm\r'

'Assignment 2 (a)Outline the master(prenominal) forms of tractability as defined in Atkinson’s (1984) form of the waxy staunch (b) What ar some of the strengths and weaknesses of the Atkinson manikin? ANSWER PLAN: ?Introduction/Background oWhat argon the aims of flexibleness oinvitee (1987) de-centralisation helps to create flexibleness oWhat ar the chief(prenominal) forms of flexibility that modern organisation need ? remains: 4 types of flexibility oFunctional/Temporal/Numerical/ mvirtuosotary ?Body 2: Atkinson’s Model oCore gathering oFrist/Second marginal multitudes How each of these differ oOutsourcing activities/ histrionics / Self- engaged/Sub-contracting ?Advantages / Disadvantages of Atkinson’s nonplus ?Criticism ? death In highly competitive environment, organisations need to be able to react quickly and effectively to changes. David Guest (1987) in advocating de-centralisation emphasised the role it plays in increase flexibility within a n organisation. He cited flexibility as one of the keys to responding effectively to changes in the environment, and that it is essential for organisational success.The main forms of flexibility in modern organisation check to Blyton and Morris (1992) are four: Functional, Temporal, Numerical and Financial. Functional flexibility involves the task of multi-skilling where employees are required to possess one item skill and many other generalist ones. This mode a reduced specialisation of roles with individuals organism trained to carry come out of the closet a some(prenominal) wider range of activities than in the lead. The purpose of numerical flexibility is to fly high and contract the get force according to specific demand for it.In times of expansion, to a greater extent do workers are required. conversely a smaller workforce is needed if the moving in is decreasing. The third form is temporal flexibility. In this berth the heel and distribution of hours varies. It c oncerns different approaches to managing the time of employees, such as â€Å"annual hours contracts” where there is a ingrained number of hours to be worked but actual hours bequeath vary according to circumstances. Finally, financial flexibility involves the substance that an individual’s breakment varies in shipway which best al subaltern it to meet objectives.At the individual level this cigarette mean pay-related-performance or multiple pay strategies such as bonuses, divid end ups and share options. Atkinson developed a model of what he called the flexible firm which brings unneurotic a number of aspects of flexibility. This model is shown below: The model consists of a core group, first and second skirting(prenominal) groups and outsourcing activities. The core group include the full-time, generalist versatile workers who are expected to keep learning and adapting to changes.This is the invariable component of the firm’s workforce; they are th e ones with the most job security, and they book better opportunities for learn and progression. They are relatively few in the organisation. This group provides flexibility through its commitment because they are the durable ones. In contrast, computer peripheral workers provide a firm with numerical flexibility. The first peripheral group is normally full-time but does not turn over the corresponding job security as the core workers. Their number increase or reduce with changing labour market conditions.The second peripheral group is employed on a part-time basis, with short-term contracts. They lead to be less well paid and have fewer rights and benefits than the first peripheral group. Less is invested in them as far as training and opportunities for promotion are concerned. As a final option if necessary, organisations can outsource functions as a means of generating flexibility. These are contracted to do specific work and are to a greater extent expensive; outsource d flexibility comes at a premium price.An example of outsourcing services is power cleaning where an agency is contracted to carry out the cleaning of the office on a go along basis. In times of recession, peripheral or non-full-time workers are much much likely to be make redundant. The advantages of the Atkinson model for the organisation include: a more easily controlled and managed workforce; core employees being more committed due to enriched jobs (Soft HRM); the facility for bringing in skills as required and cost saving and low wage costs for part-time workers.The disadvantages include: adventure of lack of specialist expertise due to multi-skilling and issues affiliated with loyalty and security. Firstly loyalty, because they are not pass over by permanent contract, there is no underwrite that the worker get out continue to be available. They may also lack necessary training as the organisation will be focusing more on the core workers because the more you move to pe ripheral workers the more you want to contain costs, therefore stripped training is offered.Atkinson’s model is criticised because many organisations will have core, peripheral and outsourced workers without having the Atkinson’s model in mind. In other words even when flexibility is practiced, it is not because of his model. The requirement for flexibility happened in organisations before he developed his model. In conclusion flexibility can take a number of different forms as proposed by Blyton and Morris. It helps the organisation react to changes hurrying and more effectively. The four types of flexibility link to The Atkinson’s model which illustrates how organisations are structured.Managers value the model to a degree of financial flexibility because it separates core workers from peripheral workers. It helps them taking decisions on who to contract. High level skills can be brought in when necessary and outsourced tasks can end up being less expensive, as the stopping point of the contract is simple. There are a number of potential advantages and disadvantages of workforce flexibility, depending on which group is considered. The flexible firm emphasises the need for organisations to be flexible and have the capability to adapt to constantly changing circumstances.\r\n'

'In the Modern World, Image Is Everything\r'

'It only takes active seven seconds for a stranger to form a first spirit of you. Especially in our raw ground, the cast we project of ourselves is becoming even more than crucial since the increasing openness and inter-connectedness of the human race makes it some(prenominal) easier for heap to do ‘research’ on who you are. An get a line is paramount to all levels of society from the individualist, to the corporate, to the subject field. Therefore, contrive does bend a pivotal position in our lives in both the human race and private domains. Nowadays, it is rare to gamble some unrivalled who does non shit a Facebook visibility or a Twitter account.Social networking has become a norm in our world today, with so galore(postnominal) people putting up their personal lives on the mesh for every cardinal to see. What we choose to put on the Internet inevitably forms an visualise of ourselves that we present to others. This image volition be able to make or chink you regardless of whether you are in the public spotlight. almost every famous person has publicists that help him or her make their public persona. It is often with their reputations that celebrities are able to bring the most rise up remunerative jobs.Such employers get byw the celebrity’s well-grounded reputation as one that impart be able to most efficaciously sell a product or a movie. Additionally, the way in which a celebrity manages his or her image when hit with a crisis affects his or her incoming employment prospects. For example, when Kate Moss was hit the filth of her being photographed huffing cocaine, she did not do everything that would help fan the flak of the scandal. Alternatively, she continued working hard and producing the beautiful shots that her employers wanted. The scandal did not kill her career, as legion(predicate) would collapse expected.Moss’ career received a boost kind of where she signed lucrative contract wit h Calvin Klein that effectively twofold her income. Additionally, an increasing number of companies are making engage of social networking sites to gather anchorground information on prospective employees. Countless people have missed out on amazing job opportunities beca consumption they affix pictures of them drunk on their Facebook profiles. This then proves that the image that deliver of ourselves has a great impact on our lives in that it can help determine your success or failure in your chosen profession.In the corporate world, many businesses are also starting to realize the splendour of the image of the union. effigy consultants are being paid thousands of dollars to spruce up a company’s profile, where the company hopes that the better the image it presents the more prosperous it will become. Marketers and advertisers are also making use of prominent public personalities to help sell their products by making them more attractive to the masses. Given a smal l business, without a company website can be destroyed as a result of any acerbic comment on the Internet.Potential clients upon doing their research and discovering a bad review of the company’s operate will decide to patronize the wait ons of other company instead. The significance of a good public profile is seen clearly in the aforementioned example, whereby a company can falter due to the leave out of an image that the fails to bear witnesscase to the public. Thus, a positive image presented to the masses can prove to be the decision making factor of whether a company succeeds or fails in the event of a public relations problem, proving that image is indeed everything in the corporate world.On a wider scale, image is also critical to the many nations in the world. pocketable countries very often want to testify the world that it is to be underestimated, while developing countries want to show the world that it is growing into its own and is just as capable. The m ost explicit examples of this are in the countries that vie to host the majestic Games. Winning the coveted role of hosting the Olympics is often a great inauguration of national disdain for a country whereby it can show the world what it is capable of.The prestige that comes with hosting the Olympics is also immensely substantial thus accounting for the many countries abstracted to host the Olympics. Even the first jejuneness Olympic Games was not spared from the competition between countries to host it. capital of capital of Singapore ultimately won this honour and it was widely storied by the government and its people. Almost all of Singapore’s youth were involved in the 2010 Youth Olympic Games in one way or another.All were happy to serve their country in any way they could in this grand and prestigious occasion. some other apt example is when mainland China hosted the 2008 capital of Red China Olympics. China poured billions of dollars into the organization of the Games and spared no expense in ensuring that the Beijing was ready to receive athletes from all around the world. The pride that the Chinese had in the fact that China was hosting the 2008 Olympics was unvarnished in the hundreds of hours of dedicated service that the Chinese selflessly contributed.Thus, image is of great significance on a national level where countries are able to show what it is made of and can be a source of great national pride. On the other may argue that image is nothing without kernel to back it up. Take the example of a customer deprivation to a company for a particular service due to an initial good spirit of the company. However, if the company fails to measure up to the image it presents of itself, the customer will be hugely disappointed and will not patronize the services of that company again and big businessman even influence others into avoiding that company.Although one should concede that â€Å"well done is better than well said” as spoken by Benjamin Franklin, the first impression is ultimately one that is more powerful where a good impression often results in good outcomes. Particularly in our modern world where people move so fast that they only have time for first impressions and where the image one presents is one of the most reliable ways to judge a persons character in such a briefly time.We have seen in the paragraphs above that image does swordplay a pivotal role in our individual lives, in the corporate world, and on the national level. in spite of the fact that actions do speak louder than words and that substance is more important than the image, it cannot be denied that the first impression is often a strong and lasting one. Image is hence essentially everything in our modern world where people are more often than not caught up in flash and superficiality.\r\n'